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Distribution shifts -- where the training distribution differs from the test distribution -- can substantially degrade the accuracy of machine learning (ML) systems deployed in the wild. Despite their ubiquity in the real-world deployments,…

Distribution shifts between training and test data are inevitable over the lifecycle of a deployed model, leading to performance decay. Adapting a model on test samples can help mitigate this drop in performance. However, most test-time…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-18 Mona Schirmer , Dan Zhang , Eric Nalisnick

While most ML models expect independent and identically distributed data, this assumption is often violated in real-world scenarios due to distribution shifts, resulting in the degradation of machine learning model performance. Until now,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-11-19 Kai Helli , David Schnurr , Noah Hollmann , Samuel Müller , Frank Hutter

Temporal data distribution shift is prevalent in the financial text. How can a financial sentiment analysis system be trained in a volatile market environment that can accurately infer sentiment and be robust to temporal data distribution…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-10-20 Yue Guo , Chenxi Hu , Yi Yang

A significant obstacle in the development of robust machine learning models is covariate shift, a form of distribution shift that occurs when the input distributions of the training and test sets differ while the conditional label…

机器学习 · 统计学 2021-11-17 Nilesh Tripuraneni , Ben Adlam , Jeffrey Pennington

We investigate model assessment and selection in a changing environment, by synthesizing datasets from both the current time period and historical epochs. To tackle unknown and potentially arbitrary temporal distribution shift, we develop…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-06-05 Elise Han , Chengpiao Huang , Kaizheng Wang

Despite achieving excellent performance on benchmarks, deep neural networks often underperform in real-world deployment due to sensitivity to minor, often imperceptible shifts in input data, known as distributional shifts. These shifts are…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-09-25 Birk Torpmann-Hagen , Pål Halvorsen , Michael A. Riegler , Dag Johansen

Out-of-Distribution (OOD) generalization, a cornerstone for building robust machine learning models capable of handling data diverging from the training set's distribution, is an ongoing challenge in deep learning. While significant…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-12-05 Sergey Kolesnikov

When deployed in the real world, machine learning models inevitably encounter changes in the data distribution, and certain -- but not all -- distribution shifts could result in significant performance degradation. In practice, it may make…

机器学习 · 统计学 2022-05-06 Aleksandr Podkopaev , Aaditya Ramdas

Robustness to distribution shift has become a growing concern for text and image models as they transition from research subjects to deployment in the real world. However, high-quality benchmarks for distribution shift in tabular machine…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-02-12 Josh Gardner , Zoran Popovic , Ludwig Schmidt

Understanding the performance of machine learning models across diverse data distributions is critically important for reliable applications. Motivated by this, there is a growing focus on curating benchmark datasets that capture…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-02-15 Weixin Liang , James Zou

Across engineering and scientific domains, traditional deep learning (TDL) models perform well when training and test data share the same distribution. However, the dynamic nature of real-world data, broadly termed \textit{data shift},…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-15 Samuel Myren , Nidhi Parikh , Natalie Klein

Distribution shift is a common situation in machine learning tasks, where the data used for training a model is different from the data the model is applied to in the real world. This issue arises across multiple technical settings: from…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-05-24 Nicolas Acevedo , Carmen Cortez , Chris Brooks , Rene Kizilcec , Renzhe Yu

Evaluating robustness under temporal distribution shift remains an open challenge. Existing metrics quantify the average decline in performance, but fail to capture how models adapt to evolving data. As a result, temporal degradation is…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-09 Lorenzo Iovine , Giacomo Ziffer , Emanuele Della Valle

Real-world deployment of machine learning models is challenging because data evolves over time. While no model can work when data evolves in an arbitrary fashion, if there is some pattern to these changes, we might be able to design methods…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-05-03 Rasool Fakoor , Jonas Mueller , Zachary C. Lipton , Pratik Chaudhari , Alexander J. Smola

As input data distributions evolve, the predictive performance of machine learning models tends to deteriorate. In practice, new input data tend to come without target labels. Then, state-of-the-art techniques model input data distributions…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-09-08 Carlos Mougan , Klaus Broelemann , David Masip , Gjergji Kasneci , Thanassis Thiropanis , Steffen Staab

Most machine learning models for predicting clinical outcomes are developed using historical data. Yet, even if these models are deployed in the near future, dataset shift over time may result in less than ideal performance. To capture this…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-06-21 Christina X Ji , Ahmed M Alaa , David Sontag

Data distribution shift is a common problem in machine learning-powered smart city applications where the test data differs from the training data. Augmenting smart city applications with online machine learning models can handle this issue…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-16 Shawqi Al-Maliki , Faissal El Bouanani , Mohamed Abdallah , Junaid Qadir , Ala Al-Fuqaha

Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) has recently emerged as a promising approach for tackling the robustness challenge under distribution shifts. However, the lack of consistent settings and systematic studies in prior literature hinders thorough…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-06-07 Hao Zhao , Yuejiang Liu , Alexandre Alahi , Tao Lin

Machine learning models deployed in non-stationary environments are exposed to temporal distribution shift, which can erode predictive reliability over time. While common mitigation strategies such as periodic retraining and recalibration…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-06 Naimur Rahman , Naazreen Tabassum
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