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The application of silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) technology for weak-light detection at a single photon level has expanded thanks to its better photon detection efficiency in comparison to a conventional photomultiplier tube (PMT). SiPMs…

Silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) are semiconductor-based light-sensors offering a high gain, a mechanically and optically robust design and high photon detection efficiency. Due to these characteristics, they started to replace conventional…

仪器与探测器 · 物理学 2018-06-27 T. Bretz , R. Engel , T. Hebbeker , J. Kemp , L. Middendorf , C. Peters , J. Schumacher , R. Smida , D. Veberic

In the last ten years silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) have gained terrain in experiments and applications in which photomultiplier tubes have been the dominant photosensors during decades. Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs)…

天体物理仪器与方法 · 物理学 2020-06-17 D. Guberman , R. Paoletti

IceAct is a proposed surface array of cost effective and compact Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPM) based small-size (50 cm) Imaging Air Cherenkov Telescopes above the IceCube in-ice detector. In coincidence with the in-ice and surface…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2019-08-30 Merlin Schaufel , Karen Andeen , Jan Auffenberg

An established technique for the measurement of ultra-high-energy-cosmic-rays is the detection of the fluorescence light induced in the atmosphere of the Earth, by means of telescopes equipped with photomultiplier tubes. Silicon…

Silicon Photo-Multipliers (SiPMs) are semiconductor-based photo-detectors with performances similar to the traditional Photo-Multiplier Tubes (PMTs). An increasing number of experiments dedicated to particle detection in colliders,…

仪器与探测器 · 物理学 2020-12-30 P. W. Cattaneo , A. Menegolli , M. C. Prata , G. L. Raselli , M. Rossella

MAGIC-II is the second imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescope of the MAGIC observatory, which has recently been inaugurated on Canary island of La Palma. We are currently developing a new camera based on clusters of hybrid photon detectors…

This article presents the development of a cost-effective and efficient electronic module for silicon photomultipliers (SiPM). The electronic module combines essential functionalities, such as a high voltage power supply, a preamplifier,…

仪器与探测器 · 物理学 2023-09-07 A. Sadigov , S. Nuruyev , R. Akbarov , D. B. Berikov , A. Madadzada , A. Mammadli

We present results of the detailed study of several hundred Hamamatsu H12700 Multianode Photomultiplier Tubes (MaPMTs), characterizing their response to the Cherenkov light photons in the second Ring Imaging Cherenkov detector, a part of…

仪器与探测器 · 物理学 2022-10-19 Pavel Degtiarenko , Andrey Kim , Valery Kubarovsky , Ben Raydo , Andrew Smith , Fatiha Benmokhtar

A Large Size air Cherenkov Telescope (LST) prototype, proposed for the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA), is under construction at the Canary Island of La Palma (Spain) this year. The LST camera, which comprises an array of about 500…

We present a Python module for simulating Silicon Photo-Multipliers, Avalanche Photo-Diodes, and Multi-Pixel Photon Counters. This module allows users to perform noise analyses: Dark Count Rate, crosstalk, and afterpulsing. Furthermore, the…

仪器与探测器 · 物理学 2025-04-15 J. Peña-Rodríguez , J. Förtsch , C. Pauly , K. -H. Kampert

MAGIC is a system of two Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes located in the Canary island of La Palma, Spain. During summer 2011 and 2012 it underwent a series of upgrades, involving the exchange of the MAGIC-I camera and its trigger…

天体物理仪器与方法 · 物理学 2015-02-23 MAGIC Collaboration , J. Aleksic , S. Ansoldi , L. A. Antonelli , P. Antoranz , A. Babic , P. Bangale , M. Barcelo , J. A. Barrio , J. Becerra Gonzalez , W. Bednarek , E. Bernardini , B. Biasuzzi , A. Biland , M. Bitossi , O. Blanch , S. Bonnefoy , G. Bonnoli , F. Borracci , T. Bretz , E. Carmona , A. Carosi , R. Cecchi , P. Colin , E. Colombo , J. L. Contreras , D. Corti , J. Cortina , S. Covino , P. Da Vela , F. Dazzi , A. De Angelis , G. De Caneva , B. De Lotto , E. de Ona Wilhelmi , C. Delgado Mendez , A. Dettlaff , D. Dominis Prester , D. Dorner , M. Doro , S. Einecke , D. Eisenacher , D. Elsaesser , D. Fidalgo , D. Fink , M. V. Fonseca , L. Font , K. Frantzen , C. Fruck , D. Galindo , R. J. Garcia Lopez , M. Garczarczyk , D. Garrido Terrats , M. Gaug , G. Giavitto , N. Godinovic , A. Gonzalez Munoz , S. R. Gozzini , W. Haberer , D. Hadasch , Y. Hanabata , M. Hayashida , J. Herrera , D. Hildebrand , J. Hose , D. Hrupec , W. Idec , J. M. Illa , V. Kadenius , H. Kellermann , M. L. Knoetig , K. Kodani , Y. Konno , J. Krause , H. Kubo , J. Kushida , A. La Barbera , D. Lelas , J. L. Lemus , N. Lewandowska , E. Lindfors , S. Lombardi , F. Longo , M. Lopez , R. Lopez-Coto , A. Lopez-Oramas , A. Lorca , E. Lorenz , I. Lozano , M. Makariev , K. Mallot , G. Maneva , N. Mankuzhiyil , K. Mannheim , L. Maraschi , B. Marcote , M. Mariotti , M. Martinez , D. Mazin , U. Menzel , J. M. Miranda , R. Mirzoyan , A. Moralejo , P. Munar-Adrover , D. Nakajima , M. Negrello , V. Neustroev , A. Niedzwiecki , K. Nilsson , K. Nishijima , K. Noda , R. Orito , A. Overkemping , S. Paiano , M. Palatiello , D. Paneque , R. Paoletti , J. M. Paredes , X. Paredes-Fortuny , M. Persic , J. Poutanen , P. G. Prada Moroni , E. Prandini , I. Puljak , R. Reinthal , W. Rhode , M. Ribo , J. Rico , J. Rodriguez Garcia , S. Rugamer , T. Saito , K. Saito , K. Satalecka , V. Scalzotto , V. Scapin , C. Schultz , J. Schlammer , S. Schmidl , T. Schweizer , S. N. Shore , A. Sillanpaa , J. Sitarek , I. Snidaric , D. Sobczynska , F. Spanier , A. Stamerra , T. Steinbring , J. Storz , M. Strzys , L. Takalo , H. Takami , F. Tavecchio , L. A. Tejedor , P. Temnikov , T. Terzic , D. Tescaro , M. Teshima , J. Thaele , O. Tibolla , D. F. Torres , T. Toyama , A. Treves , P. Vogler , H. Wetteskind , M. Will , R. Zanin

Among the main disadvantages of using silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) in large experiments are their limited physical area (increasing the cost and the complexity of the readout of a camera) and their sensitivity to unwanted wavelengths.…

天体物理仪器与方法 · 物理学 2019-02-20 D. Guberman , J. Cortina , J. E. Ward , E. Do Souto Espiñera , A. Hahn , D. Mazin

Silicon photomultiplier (SiPM), a new type of photosensor, is considered a substitute for traditional photomultiplier tube (PMT) in the next generation of dark matter and neutrino detectors, especially in noble gas detectors like liquid…

仪器与探测器 · 物理学 2023-05-31 T. A. Wang , C. Guo , X. H. Liang , L. Wang , M. Y. Guan , C. G. Yang , J. C. Liu , F. Y. Lin

The MAGIC telescopes, located at Observatorio El Roque de los Muchachos (La Palma, Spain) are two Imaging Air Cherenkov Telescopes observing the Very High Energy (VHE) gamma rays. They are run by an international collaboration composed of…

天体物理仪器与方法 · 物理学 2025-07-31 Oscar Blanch , Julian Sitarek

Silicon-based photosensors (SiPMs) working in the Geiger-mode represent an elegant solution for the readout of particle detectors working at low-light levels like Cherenkov detectors. Especially the insensitivity to magnetic fields makes…

仪器与探测器 · 物理学 2010-09-01 Gamal Ahmed , Paul Buehler , Michael Cargnelli , Roland Hohler , Johann Marton , Herbert Orth , Ken Suzuki

Conventional silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) are well established as light detectors with single-photon-detection capability and used throughout high energy physics, medical, and commercial applications. The possibility to produce single…

The Major Atmospheric Gamma Imaging Cherenkov (MAGIC) telescope system is located on the Canary Island of La Palma and inspects the very high-energy (VHE, few tens of GeV and above) gamma-ray sky. MAGIC consists of two imaging atmospheric…

We compared the performance of a SiPM array and a PMT in a laboratory setting using a single 5.08x5.08-cm cylindrical sodium iodide scintillating crystal. Photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) are the most commonly used device to monitor…

仪器与探测器 · 物理学 2020-01-23 Tyana Stiegler , Kareem Kazkaz , Erik Swanberg , Vladimir Mozin

Ground-based gamma-ray astronomy in the Very High Energy (VHE, E>100 GeV) regime has fast become one of the most interesting and productive sub-fields of astrophysics today. Utilizing the Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Technique (IACT) to…

天体物理仪器与方法 · 物理学 2017-10-30 J. E. Ward , J. Cortina , D. Guberman