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Spam can be defined as unsolicited bulk email. In an effort to evade text-based filters, spammers sometimes embed spam text in an image, which is referred to as image spam. In this research, we consider the problem of image spam detection,…

Recent spam email techniques exploit visual effects in text messages, such as poisoning text, obfuscating words, and hidden text salting techniques. These effects were able to evade spam detection techniques based on the text. In this…

The use of OCR in postal services is not yet universal and there are still many countries that process mail sorting manually. Automated Arabic/Indian numeral Optical Character Recognition (OCR) systems for Postal services are being used in…

Email is one of the most widely used ways to communicate, with millions of people and businesses relying on it to communicate and share knowledge and information on a daily basis. Nevertheless, the rise in email users has occurred a…

With the rapid adoption of Internet as an easy way to communicate, the amount of unsolicited e-mails, known as spam e-mails, has been growing rapidly. The major problem of spam e-mails is the loss of productivity and a drain on IT…

Image spam emails are often used to evade text-based spam filters that detect spam emails with their frequently used keywords. In this paper, we propose a new image spam email detection tool called DeepCapture using a convolutional neural…

Today, people use email services such as Gmail, Outlook, AOL Mail, etc. to communicate with each other as quickly as possible to send information and official letters. Spam or junk mail is a major challenge to this type of communication,…

Image spam threat detection has continually been a popular area of research with the internet's phenomenal expansion. This research presents an explainable framework for detecting spam images using Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)…

Spam messages are an increasing threat to mobile communication. Several mitigation techniques have been proposed, including white and black listing, challenge-response and content-based filtering. However, none are perfect and it makes…

We propose a new detection algorithm that uses structural relationships between senders and recipients of email as the basis for the identification of spam messages. Users and receivers are represented as vectors in their reciprocal spaces.…

Phishing attacks frequently use email body obfuscation to bypass detection filters, but quantitative insights into how techniques are combined and their impact on filter scores remain limited. This paper addresses this gap by empirically…

Detecting manipulations in digital documents is becoming increasingly important for information verification purposes. Due to the proliferation of image editing software, altering key information in documents has become widely accessible.…

The exponential growth of spam text on the Internet necessitates robust detection mechanisms to mitigate risks such as information leakage and social instability. This work addresses two principal challenges: adversarial strategies employed…

The popularity, cost-effectiveness and ease of information exchange that electronic mails offer to electronic device users has been plagued with the rising number of unsolicited or spam emails. Driven by the need to protect email users from…

Spammers take advantage of email popularity to send indiscriminately unsolicited emails. Although researchers and organizations continuously develop anti-spam filters based on binary classification, spammers bypass them through new…

Hackers and spammers are employing innovative and novel techniques to deceive novice and even knowledgeable internet users. Image spam is one of such technique where the spammer varies and changes some portion of the image such that it is…

The increase in people's use of mobile messaging services has led to the spread of social engineering attacks like phishing, considering that spam text is one of the main factors in the dissemination of phishing attacks to steal sensitive…

Email is a private medium of communication, and the inherent privacy constraints form a major obstacle in developing effective spam filtering methods which require access to a large amount of email data belonging to multiple users. To…

Document comparison typically relies on optical character recognition (OCR) as its core technology. However, OCR requires the selection of appropriate language models for each document and the performance of multilingual or hybrid models…

As the name suggests, image spam is spam email that has been embedded in an image. Image spam was developed in an effort to evade text-based filters. Modern deep learning-based classifiers perform well in detecting typical image spam that…