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Ensuring correctness of smart contracts is paramount to ensuring trust in blockchain-based systems. This paper studies the safety and security of smart contracts in the \emph{Azure Blockchain Workbench}, an enterprise…

编程语言 · 计算机科学 2019-04-30 Yuepeng Wang , Shuvendu K. Lahiri , Shuo Chen , Rong Pan , Isil Dillig , Cody Born , Immad Naseer

Smart contracts are susceptible to being exploited by attackers, especially when facing real-world vulnerabilities. To mitigate this risk, developers often rely on third-party audit services to identify potential vulnerabilities before…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2024-09-17 Che Wang , Jiashuo Zhang , Jianbo Gao , Libin Xia , Zhi Guan , Zhong Chen

Smart contracts are fundamental components of blockchain ecosystems; however, their security remains a critical concern due to inherent vulnerabilities. While existing detection methodologies are predominantly syntax-oriented, targeting…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-03-30 Ali Fattahdizaji , Mohammad Pishdar , Zarina Shukur

The introduction of large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT and Google Palm2 for smart contract generation seems to be the first well-established instance of an AI pair programmer. LLMs have access to a large number of open-source smart…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2023-08-22 Rabimba Karanjai , Edward Li , Lei Xu , Weidong Shi

The development of blockchain technologies has enabled the trustless execution of so-called smart contracts, i.e. programs that regulate the exchange of assets (e.g., cryptocurrency) between users. In a decentralized blockchain, the state…

编程语言 · 计算机科学 2020-04-28 Massimo Bartoletti , Letterio Galletta , Maurizio Murgia

Smart contracts are a new paradigm that emerged with the rise of the blockchain technology. They allow untrusting parties to arrange agreements. These agreements are encoded as a programming language code and deployed on a blockchain…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2019-06-28 Juan Guarnizo , Pawel Szalachowski

Smart Contracts are critical components of blockchain ecosystems, with Solidity as the dominant programming language. While LLMs excel at general-purpose code generation, the unique constraints of Smart Contracts, such as gas consumption,…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-11-24 Francesco Salzano , Simone Scalabrino , Rocco Oliveto , Remo Pareschi

Smart contracts - computer protocols that regulate the exchange of crypto-assets in trustless environments - have become popular with the spread of blockchain technologies. A landmark security property of smart contracts is liquidity: in a…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2023-06-22 Massimo Bartoletti , Stefano Lande , Maurizio Murgia , Roberto Zunino

Modern cryptocurrency systems, such as Ethereum, permit complex financial transactions through scripts called smart contracts. These smart contracts are executed many, many times, always without real concurrency. First, all smart contracts…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2017-02-16 Thomas Dickerson , Paul Gazzillo , Maurice Herlihy , Eric Koskinen

The rise of digital currency and the public ledger Block Chain has led to the development of a new type of electronic contract known as "smart contracts." For these contracts to be considered valid, they must adhere to traditional contract…

Smart contracts---stateful executable objects hosted on blockchains like Ethereum---carry billions of dollars worth of coins and cannot be updated once deployed. We present a new systematic characterization of a class of trace…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2018-03-15 Ivica Nikolic , Aashish Kolluri , Ilya Sergey , Prateek Saxena , Aquinas Hobor

Smart contracts are self-executing programs that manage financial transactions on blockchain networks. Developers commonly rely on third-party code libraries to improve both efficiency and security. However, improper use of these libraries…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2026-04-02 Yishun Wang , Wenkai Li , Xiaoqi Li , Zongwei Li , Lei Xie , Yuqing Zhang

In this work, we provide a comprehensive survey of smart contract upgradability patterns using proxies. A primary characteristic of smart contracts on the Ethereum blockchain is that they are immutable once implemented, no changes can be…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2023-04-10 Sajad Meisami , William Edward Bodell

The rise of decentralized applications (dApps) has made smart contracts imperative components of blockchain technology. As many smart contracts process financial transactions, their security is paramount. Moreover, the immutability of…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2024-07-24 Khalid Hassan , Saeed Moradi , Shaiful Chowdhury , Sara Rouhani

Blockchain smart contracts have given rise to a variety of interesting and compelling applications and emerged as a revolutionary force for the Internet. Quite a few practitioners have devoted themselves to developing tools for detecting…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2023-01-13 Zhenguang Liu , Peng Qian , Jiaxu Yang , Lingfeng Liu , Xiaojun Xu , Qinming He , Xiaosong Zhang

Smart contract vulnerabilities have caused billions in financial losses, raising questions about whether programming language paradigms can reduce security overhead. While imperative languages like Solidity require developers to manually…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2026-05-22 Matteo Vaccargiu , Andrea Pinna , Maria Ilaria Lunesu , Giuseppe Destefanis

A smart contract that is deployed to a blockchain system like Ethereum is, under reasonable circumstances, expected to be immutable and tamper-proof. This is both a feature (promoting integrity and transparency) and a bug (preventing…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2022-06-03 Mehdi Salehi , Jeremy Clark , Mohammad Mannan

This article conducts an extensive examination of the persisting challenges related to smart contract attacks within blockchain networks, with a particular focus on the reentrancy attack. It emphasizes the inherent vulnerabilities embedded…

社会与信息网络 · 计算机科学 2023-10-05 Simone Casale-Brunet , Marco Mattavelli

The immutable nature of blockchain technology, while revolutionary, introduces significant security challenges, particularly in smart contracts. These security issues can lead to substantial financial losses. Current tools and approaches…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-11-05 Zhiyuan Wei , Jing Sun , Zijiang Zhang , Xianhao Zhang , Meng Li , Zhe Hou

Vulnerabilities of Ethereum smart contracts often cause serious financial damage. Whereas the Solidity compiler has been updated to prevent vulnerabilities, its effectiveness has not been revealed so far, to the best of our knowledge. In…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2023-06-08 Chihiro Kado , Naoto Yanai , Jason Paul Cruz , Kyosuke Yamashita , Shingo Okamura