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Self-supervised learning (SSL) excels at finding general-purpose latent representations from complex data, yet lacks a unifying theoretical framework that explains the diverse existing methods and guides the design of new ones. We cast SSL…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-28 Fabian A Mikulasch , Friedemann Zenke

The current success of deep neural networks (DNNs) in an increasingly broad range of tasks involving artificial intelligence strongly depends on the quality and quantity of labeled training data. In general, the scarcity of labeled data,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2018-11-21 Shun Kiyono , Jun Suzuki , Kentaro Inui

The past few years have witnessed a remarkable advance in deep learning for EEG-based sleep stage classification (SSC). However, the success of these models is attributed to possessing a massive amount of labeled data for training, limiting…

信号处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2022-10-14 Emadeldeen Eldele , Mohamed Ragab , Zhenghua Chen , Min Wu , Chee-Keong Kwoh , Xiaoli Li

Current 3D semi-supervised segmentation methods face significant challenges such as limited consideration of contextual information and the inability to generate reliable pseudo-labels for effective unsupervised data use. To address these…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-11-22 Sanaz Karimijafarbigloo , Reza Azad , Yury Velichko , Ulas Bagci , Dorit Merhof

Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) is crucial for real-world applications, especially in data-hungry domains such as healthcare and self-driving cars. In addition to a lack of labeled data, these applications also suffer from distributional…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2022-12-26 Ha Manh Bui , Iliana Maifeld-Carucci

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) leverages abundant unlabeled data alongside limited labeled data to enhance learning. As vision foundation models (VFMs) increasingly serve as the backbone of vision applications, it remains unclear how SSL…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-06 Ping Zhang , Zheda Mai , Quang-Huy Nguyen , Wei-Lun Chao

In many modern machine learning applications, the outcome is expensive or time-consuming to collect while the predictor information is easy to obtain. Semi-supervised learning (SSL) aims at utilizing large amounts of `unlabeled' data along…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2017-11-16 Jessica Gronsbell , Tianxi Cai

There has been increasing attention to semi-supervised learning (SSL) approaches in machine learning to forming a classifier in situations where the training data for a classifier consists of a limited number of classified observations but…

机器学习 · 统计学 2021-11-10 Daniel Ahfock , Geoffrey J. McLachlan

Do we need active learning? The rise of strong deep semi-supervised methods raises doubt about the usability of active learning in limited labeled data settings. This is caused by results showing that combining semi-supervised learning…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-08-17 Sandra Gilhuber , Rasmus Hvingelby , Mang Ling Ada Fok , Thomas Seidl

Many existing federated learning (FL) algorithms are designed for supervised learning tasks, assuming that the local data owned by the clients are well labeled. However, in many practical situations, it could be difficult and expensive to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-11-02 Zhiguo Wang , Xintong Wang , Ruoyu Sun , Tsung-Hui Chang

Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL) has become a preferred paradigm in many deep learning tasks, which reduces the need for human labor. Previous studies primarily focus on effectively utilising the labelled and unlabeled data to improve…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-10-29 Qian Shao , Jiangrui Kang , Qiyuan Chen , Zepeng Li , Hongxia Xu , Yiwen Cao , Jiajuan Liang , Jian Wu

Recently, deep learning has experienced rapid expansion, contributing significantly to the progress of supervised learning methodologies. However, acquiring labeled data in real-world settings can be costly, labor-intensive, and sometimes…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-12-02 Jicheng Yuan , Anh Le-Tuan , Ali Ganbarov , Manfred Hauswirth , Danh Le-Phuoc

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) promises improved accuracy compared to training classifiers on small labeled datasets by also training on many unlabeled images. In real applications like medical imaging, unlabeled data will be collected for…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-05-29 Zhe Huang , Mary-Joy Sidhom , Benjamin S. Wessler , Michael C. Hughes

Medical image classification is often challenging for two reasons: a lack of labelled examples due to expensive and time-consuming annotation protocols, and imbalanced class labels due to the relative scarcity of disease-positive…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2021-08-23 Tri Huynh , Aiden Nibali , Zhen He

In biomedical studies, it is often desirable to characterize the interactive mode of multiple disease outcomes beyond their marginal risk. Ising model is one of the most popular choices serving for this purpose. Nevertheless, learning…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2023-11-28 Daiqing Wu , Molei Liu

The development of semi-supervised learning (SSL) has in recent years largely focused on the development of new consistency regularization or entropy minimization approaches, often resulting in models with complex training strategies to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-01 Durgesh Singh , Ahcene Boubekki , Robert Jenssen , Michael C. Kampffmeyer

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) is a common approach to learning predictive models using not only labeled examples, but also unlabeled examples. While SSL for the simple tasks of classification and regression has received a lot of attention…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-04-02 Jurica Levatić , Michelangelo Ceci , Dragi Kocev , Sašo Džeroski

Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL) approaches have been an influential framework for the usage of unlabeled data when there is not a sufficient amount of labeled data available over the course of training. SSL methods based on Convolutional…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2021-10-25 Fariborz Taherkhani , Hadi Kazemi , Ali Dabouei , Jeremy Dawson , Nasser M. Nasrabadi

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) addresses the lack of labeled data by exploiting large unlabeled data through pseudolabeling. However, in the extremely low-label regime, pseudo labels could be incorrect, a.k.a. the confirmation bias, and the…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2022-05-09 Xun Xu , Jingyi Liao , Lile Cai , Manh Cuong Nguyen , Kangkang Lu , Wanyue Zhang , Yasin Yazici , Chuan Sheng Foo

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) constructs classifiers using both labelled and unlabelled data. It leverages information from labelled samples, whose acquisition is often costly or labour-intensive, together with unlabelled data to enhance…

机器学习 · 统计学 2025-12-29 Jinran Wu , You-Gan Wang , Geoffrey J. McLachlan