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The formation sequence of bulges and disks in late-type galaxies (LTGs) remains debated. While some theories suggest bulges form before disks, others propose the reverse. To address this, we analyze a bulge+disk decomposition catalog from…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2025-07-16 Wenxiao Xue , Yu Rong

This is the summary chapter of a review book on galaxy bulges. Bulge properties and formation histories are more varied than those of ellipticals. I emphasize two advances: 1 - "Classical bulges" are observationally indistinguishable from…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2015-12-30 John Kormendy

We review internal processes of secular evolution in galaxy disks, concentrating on the buildup of dense central features that look like classical, merger-built bulges but that were made slowly out of disk gas. We call these pseudobulges.…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2009-09-29 John Kormendy , Robert C. Kennicutt

We study the cosmological build-up of pseudobulges using the LGalaxies semi-analytical model for galaxy formation with a new approach for following separately the assembly of classical bulges and pseudobulges. Classical bulges are assumed…

(abridged) A fundamental subject in Extragalactic Astronomy concerns the formation and evolution of late-type galaxies (LTGs). The standard scenario comprises the early assembly of the bulge followed by disk accretion. However, recent…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2020-08-12 Iris Breda , Polychronis Papaderos , Jean Michel Gomes

I use Spitzer 3.6-8.0 \mu m color profiles to compare the radial structure of star formation in pseudobulges and classical bulges. Pseudobulges are ``bulges'' which form through secular evolution, rather than mergers. In this study,…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2009-11-11 David B. Fisher

More than half of nearby disc galaxies have pseudobulges instead of classical bulges that are though to be end-products of galaxy mergers. Pseudobulges are presumed to develop overtime as a result of secular evolution of galaxy discs. We…

宇宙学与河外天体物理 · 物理学 2012-12-11 Takashi Okamoto

Bulges are a major galaxy component in the nearby universe, and are one of the primary features that differentiates and defines galaxies. The origin of bulges can be directly probed in part by examining distant galaxies to search for high…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2009-11-13 Christopher J. Conselice

Bulges can be classified into classical and pseudobulges; the former are considered to be end products of galactic mergers and the latter to form via secular evolution of galactic disks. Observationally, bulges of disk galaxies are mostly…

宇宙学与河外天体物理 · 物理学 2015-06-05 Takashi Okamoto

We review internal secular evolution in galaxy disks -- the fundamental process by which isolated disks evolve. We concentrate on the buildup of dense central features that look like classical, merger-built bulges but that were made slowly…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2007-05-23 John Kormendy , David B. Fisher

Most giant spiral galaxies have pseudo or disk-like bulges that are considered to be the result of purely secular processes. This may challenge the hierarchical scenario predicting about one major merger per massive galaxy ($>$$3\times…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2017-09-28 T Sauvaget , F Hammer , M Puech , Y. B. Yang , H Flores , M Rodrigues

We study star formation rates (SFR) and stellar masses in bulges of nearby disk galaxies, using SFRs and stellar masses derived from Spitzer and GALEX data. At present day SFR the median pseudobulge could have grown the present day stellar…

宇宙学与河外天体物理 · 物理学 2011-02-11 David B. Fisher , Niv Drory , Maximilian H. Fabricius

Bulges in spiral galaxies have been supposed to be classified into two types: classical bulges or pseudobulges. Classical bulges are thought to form by galactic merger with bursty star formation, whereas pseudobulges are suggested to form…

宇宙学与河外天体物理 · 物理学 2015-05-30 Shigeki Inoue , Takayuki R. Saitoh

(abridged) This study revolves around dmB, a new distance- and extinction-independent measure of the contribution by stellar populations older than 9 Gyr to the mean r-band surface brightness of the bulge component in 135 late-type galaxies…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2017-12-15 I. Breda , P. Papaderos

Galaxy evolution is in transition from an early universe dominated by hierarchical clustering to a future dominated by secular processes. These result from interactions involving collective phenomena such as bars, oval disks, spiral…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2016-01-27 John Kormendy , Mark E. Cornell

Using 145 early- and late-type galaxies (ETGs and LTGs) with directly-measured super-massive black hole masses, $M_{BH}$, we build upon our previous discoveries that: (i) LTGs, most of which have been alleged to contain a pseudobulge,…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2019-12-11 Nandini Sahu , Alister W. Graham , Benjamin L. Davis

The {\Lambda} cold dark matter ({\Lambda}CDM) paradigm of galaxy formation predicts that dense spheroidal stellar structures invariably grow at early cosmic time. These primordial spheroids evolve toward a virialized dynamical status as…

Recent ground-based photometric investigations suggest that central regions of late-type spirals are closely coupled to the inner disk and probably formed via secular evolution. Evidence presented in support of this model includes the…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2016-01-27 Stephane Courteau

It is widely accepted that within the framework of LCDM a significant fraction of giant-disk galaxies has recently experienced a violent galactic merger. We present numerical simulations of such major mergers of gas-rich pure disk galaxies,…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2012-05-15 Ariel Keselman , Adi Nusser

We compare the photometric properties and specific star formation rate (sSFR) of classical and pseudo-bulge galaxies with $M_* \ge 10^{9.5} \rm M_{\odot}$ at $0.5\le z<1.0$, selected from all five CANDELS fields. We also compare these…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2024-11-06 Jia Hu , Qifan Cui , Lan Wang , Wenxiang Pei , Junqiang Ge
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