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Actor-critic style two-time-scale algorithms are one of the most popular methods in reinforcement learning, and have seen great empirical success. However, their performance is not completely understood theoretically. In this paper, we…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-02-22 Sajad Khodadadian , Thinh T. Doan , Justin Romberg , Siva Theja Maguluri

Actor-Critic based approaches were among the first to address reinforcement learning in a general setting. Recently, these algorithms have gained renewed interest due to their generality, good convergence properties, and possible biological…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2009-09-17 D. Di Castro , R. Meir

Despite the popularity of the actor-critic method and the practical needs of collaborative policy training, existing works typically either overlook environmental heterogeneity or give up personalization altogether by training a single…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-15 Leo Muxing Wang , Pengkun Yang , Lili Su

Actor-critic methods integrating target networks have exhibited a stupendous empirical success in deep reinforcement learning. However, a theoretical understanding of the use of target networks in actor-critic methods is largely missing in…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-02-24 Anas Barakat , Pascal Bianchi , Julien Lehmann

Actor-critic (AC) methods have exhibited great empirical success compared with other reinforcement learning algorithms, where the actor uses the policy gradient to improve the learning policy and the critic uses temporal difference learning…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-10-11 Yue Wu , Weitong Zhang , Pan Xu , Quanquan Gu

We analyze the global convergence of the single-timescale actor-critic (AC) algorithm for the infinite-horizon discounted Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) with finite state spaces. To this end, we introduce an elegant analytical framework…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-05 Navdeep Kumar , Priyank Agrawal , Giorgia Ramponi , Kfir Yehuda Levy , Shie Mannor

Many popular practical reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms employ evolving reward functions-through techniques such as reward shaping, entropy regularization, or curriculum learning-yet their theoretical foundations remain…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-15 Rui Hu , Yu Chen , Longbo Huang

We study the global convergence and global optimality of actor-critic, one of the most popular families of reinforcement learning algorithms. While most existing works on actor-critic employ bi-level or two-timescale updates, we focus on…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-06-15 Zuyue Fu , Zhuoran Yang , Zhaoran Wang

Actor-critic methods have achieved state-of-the-art performance in various challenging tasks. However, theoretical understandings of their performance remain elusive and challenging. Existing studies mostly focus on practically uncommon…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-09 Xuyang Chen , Jingliang Duan , Lin Zhao

Decentralized Actor-Critic (AC) algorithms have been widely utilized for multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) and have achieved remarkable success. Apart from its empirical success, the theoretical convergence property of decentralized…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-01-31 Qijun Luo , Xiao Li

As an important type of reinforcement learning algorithms, actor-critic (AC) and natural actor-critic (NAC) algorithms are often executed in two ways for finding optimal policies. In the first nested-loop design, actor's one update of…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-05-11 Tengyu Xu , Zhe Wang , Yingbin Liang

Actor-critic algorithms are widely used in reinforcement learning, but are challenging to mathematically analyse due to the online arrival of non-i.i.d. data samples. The distribution of the data samples dynamically changes as the model is…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-09-20 Ziheng Wang , Justin Sirignano

The actor-critic (AC) algorithm is a popular method to find an optimal policy in reinforcement learning. In the infinite horizon scenario, the finite-sample convergence rate for the AC and natural actor-critic (NAC) algorithms has been…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-02-15 Tengyu Xu , Zhe Wang , Yingbin Liang

Actor-critic algorithms have become a cornerstone in reinforcement learning (RL), leveraging the strengths of both policy-based and value-based methods. Despite recent progress in understanding their statistical efficiency, no existing work…

机器学习 · 统计学 2025-05-07 Kevin Tan , Wei Fan , Yuting Wei

Actor-critic (AC) is a powerful method for learning an optimal policy in reinforcement learning, where the critic uses algorithms, e.g., temporal difference (TD) learning with function approximation, to evaluate the current policy and the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-06-05 Yudan Wang , Yue Wang , Yi Zhou , Shaofeng Zou

We consider a version of actor-critic which uses proportional step-sizes and only one critic update with a single sample from the stationary distribution per actor step. We provide an analysis of this method using the small-gain theorem.…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2023-05-26 Alex Olshevsky , Bahman Gharesifard

In this paper, we establish last-iterate convergence rates for off-policy actor--critic methods in reinforcement learning. In particular, under a single-loop, single-timescale implementation and a broad class of policy updates, including…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-14 Ishaq Hamza , Zaiwei Chen

The actor-critic (AC) reinforcement learning algorithms have been the powerhouse behind many challenging applications. Nevertheless, its convergence is fragile in general. To study its instability, existing works mostly consider the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-02-28 Xuyang Chen , Jingliang Duan , Yingbin Liang , Lin Zhao

Reinforcement learning, mathematically described by Markov Decision Problems, may be approached either through dynamic programming or policy search. Actor-critic algorithms combine the merits of both approaches by alternating between steps…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-01-31 Harshat Kumar , Alec Koppel , Alejandro Ribeiro

Although actor-critic methods have been successful in practice, their theoretical analyses have several limitations. Specifically, existing theoretical work either sidesteps the exploration problem by making strong assumptions or analyzes…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-02 Max Qiushi Lin , Reza Asad , Kevin Tan , Haque Ishfaq , Csaba Szepesvari , Sharan Vaswani
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