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Attention-based encoder-decoder model has achieved impressive results for both automatic speech recognition (ASR) and text-to-speech (TTS) tasks. This approach takes advantage of the memorization capacity of neural networks to learn the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2020-03-17 Chengyi Wang , Yu Wu , Yujiao Du , Jinyu Li , Shujie Liu , Liang Lu , Shuo Ren , Guoli Ye , Sheng Zhao , Ming Zhou

Code-switching, the alternation of languages within a conversation or utterance, is a common communicative phenomenon that occurs in multilingual communities across the world. This survey reviews computational approaches for code-switched…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2020-07-24 Sunayana Sitaram , Khyathi Raghavi Chandu , Sai Krishna Rallabandi , Alan W Black

End-to-end (E2E) automatic speech recognition (ASR) models have become standard practice for various commercial applications. However, in real-world scenarios, the long-tailed nature of word distribution often leads E2E ASR models to…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-09-11 Yi-Cheng Wang , Li-Ting Pai , Bi-Cheng Yan , Hsin-Wei Wang , Chi-Han Lin , Berlin Chen

In recent years, the evolution of end-to-end (E2E) automatic speech recognition (ASR) models has been remarkable, largely due to advances in deep learning architectures like transformer. On top of E2E systems, researchers have achieved…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2024-06-12 Shiyi Han , Zhihong Lei , Mingbin Xu , Xingyu Na , Zhen Huang

The prevalence of the powerful multilingual models, such as Whisper, has significantly advanced the researches on speech recognition. However, these models often struggle with handling the code-switching setting, which is essential in…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2024-01-15 Bobbi Aditya , Mahdin Rohmatillah , Liang-Hsuan Tai , Jen-Tzung Chien

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown potential in speech generation and recognition, their applications are mainly confined to monolingual scenarios, with limited explorations in code-switched (CS) contexts. In this paper, we…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-08-25 Jing Xu , Daxin Tan , Jiaqi Wang , Xiao Chen

Code-Switching (CSW) is a common phenomenon that occurs in multilingual geographic or social contexts, which raises challenging problems for natural language processing tools. We focus here on Machine Translation (MT) of CSW texts, where we…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2021-05-12 Jitao Xu , François Yvon

Code-switching is a pervasive linguistic phenomenon in global communication, yet modern information retrieval systems remain predominantly designed for, and evaluated within, monolingual contexts. To bridge this critical disconnect, we…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2026-04-21 Qingcheng Zeng , Yuheng Lu , Zeqi Zhou , Heli Qi , Puxuan Yu , Fuheng Zhao , Hitomi Yanaka , Weihao Xuan , Naoto Yokoya

Code switching (CS) is a very common phenomenon in written and spoken communication but one that is handled poorly by many natural language processing applications. Looking to the application of building CS corpora, we explore CS language…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-02-05 Laurie Burchell , Alexandra Birch , Robert P. Thompson , Kenneth Heafield

Linguistic Code-switching (CS) is still an understudied phenomenon in natural language processing. The NLP community has mostly focused on monolingual and multi-lingual scenarios, but little attention has been given to CS in particular.…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2020-05-05 Gustavo Aguilar , Thamar Solorio

In this paper, we describe several techniques for improving the acoustic and language model of an automatic speech recognition (ASR) system operating on code-switching (CS) speech. We focus on the recognition of Frisian-Dutch radio…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2018-07-31 Emre Yılmaz , Henk van den Heuvel , David A. van Leeuwen

Code-switching is a widely prevalent linguistic phenomenon in multilingual societies like India. Building speech-to-text models for code-switched speech is challenging due to limited availability of datasets. In this work, we focus on the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-06-18 Bhavani Shankar , Preethi Jyothi , Pushpak Bhattacharyya

We focus on the problem of language modeling for code-switched language, in the context of automatic speech recognition (ASR). Language modeling for code-switched language is challenging for (at least) three reasons: (1) lack of available…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2019-11-12 Hila Gonen , Yoav Goldberg

Recognizing code-switched speech is challenging for Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) for a variety of reasons, including the lack of code-switched training data. Recently, we showed that monolingual ASR systems fine-tuned on code-switched…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2020-06-11 Gurunath Reddy Madhumani , Sanket Shah , Basil Abraham , Vikas Joshi , Sunayana Sitaram

In this work, we use language modeling to investigate the factors that influence insertional code-switching. Code-switching occurs when a speaker alternates between one language variety (the primary language) and another (the secondary…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-05 Debasmita Bhattacharya , Marten van Schijndel

Code-switching automatic speech recognition (ASR) aims to transcribe speech that contains two or more languages accurately. To better capture language-specific speech representations and address language confusion in code-switching ASR, the…

声音 · 计算机科学 2025-01-10 He Wang , Xucheng Wan , Naijun Zheng , Kai Liu , Huan Zhou , Guojian Li , Lei Xie

Accurate alignment between languages is fundamental for improving cross-lingual pre-trained language models (XLMs). Motivated by the natural phenomenon of code-switching (CS) in multilingual speakers, CS has been used as an effective data…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-02-14 Chenxi Whitehouse , Fenia Christopoulou , Ignacio Iacobacci

We previously proposed contextual spelling correction (CSC) to correct the output of end-to-end (E2E) automatic speech recognition (ASR) models with contextual information such as name, place, etc. Although CSC has achieved reasonable…

声音 · 计算机科学 2023-02-23 Xiaoqiang Wang , Yanqing Liu , Jinyu Li , Sheng Zhao

In this work, we seek to build effective code-switched (CS) automatic speech recognition systems (ASR) under the zero-shot setting where no transcribed CS speech data is available for training. Previously proposed frameworks which…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-11-10 Brian Yan , Matthew Wiesner , Ondrej Klejch , Preethi Jyothi , Shinji Watanabe

In this work, we present a simple and elegant approach to language modeling for bilingual code-switched text. Since code-switching is a blend of two or more different languages, a standard bilingual language model can be improved upon by…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2018-08-06 Saurabh Garg , Tanmay Parekh , Preethi Jyothi