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The implicit bias towards solutions with favorable properties is believed to be a key reason why neural networks trained by gradient-based optimization can generalize well. While the implicit bias of gradient flow has been widely studied…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-10-31 Yiwen Kou , Zixiang Chen , Quanquan Gu

Neural networks trained to minimize the logistic (a.k.a. cross-entropy) loss with gradient-based methods are observed to perform well in many supervised classification tasks. Towards understanding this phenomenon, we analyze the training…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2020-06-23 Lenaic Chizat , Francis Bach

The generalization mystery of overparametrized deep nets has motivated efforts to understand how gradient descent (GD) converges to low-loss solutions that generalize well. Real-life neural networks are initialized from small random values…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-11-10 Kaifeng Lyu , Zhiyuan Li , Runzhe Wang , Sanjeev Arora

In this paper, we study the implicit regularization of the gradient descent algorithm in homogeneous neural networks, including fully-connected and convolutional neural networks with ReLU or LeakyReLU activations. In particular, we study…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-01-01 Kaifeng Lyu , Jian Li

Overparameterized ML models, including neural networks, typically induce underdetermined training objectives with multiple global minima. The implicit bias refers to the limiting global minimum that is attained by a common optimization…

机器学习 · 统计学 2026-03-06 Kuo-Wei Lai , Guanghui Wang , Molei Tao , Vidya Muthukumar

We prove that two-layer (Leaky)ReLU networks initialized by e.g. the widely used method proposed by He et al. (2015) and trained using gradient descent on a least-squares loss are not universally consistent. Specifically, we describe a…

机器学习 · 统计学 2022-06-10 David Holzmüller , Ingo Steinwart

The training of neural networks by gradient descent methods is a cornerstone of the deep learning revolution. Yet, despite some recent progress, a complete theory explaining its success is still missing. This article presents, for…

机器学习 · 统计学 2026-04-15 Etienne Boursier , Loucas Pillaud-Vivien , Nicolas Flammarion

Understanding the asymptotic behavior of gradient-descent training of deep neural networks is essential for revealing inductive biases and improving network performance. We derive the infinite-time training limit of a mathematically…

机器学习 · 统计学 2022-02-08 Samuel Lippl , L. F. Abbott , SueYeon Chung

We study the implicit bias of gradient flow (i.e., gradient descent with infinitesimal step size) on linear neural network training. We propose a tensor formulation of neural networks that includes fully-connected, diagonal, and…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-09-13 Chulhee Yun , Shankar Krishnan , Hossein Mobahi

We study the dynamics and implicit bias of gradient flow (GF) on univariate ReLU neural networks with a single hidden layer in a binary classification setting. We show that when the labels are determined by the sign of a target network with…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-02-03 Itay Safran , Gal Vardi , Jason D. Lee

Among many mysteries behind the success of deep networks lies the exceptional discriminative power of their learned representations as manifested by the intriguing Neural Collapse (NC) phenomenon, where simple feature structures emerge at…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-27 Hancheng Min , Zhihui Zhu , René Vidal

In deep learning, it is common to use more network parameters than training points. In such scenarioof over-parameterization, there are usually multiple networks that achieve zero training error so that thetraining algorithm induces an…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-08-22 Hung-Hsu Chou , Carsten Gieshoff , Johannes Maly , Holger Rauhut

The implicit bias induced by the training of neural networks has become a topic of rigorous study. In the limit of gradient flow and gradient descent with appropriate step size, it has been shown that when one trains a deep linear network…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-04-27 Thien Le , Stefanie Jegelka

In this work, we study the implications of the implicit bias of gradient flow on generalization and adversarial robustness in ReLU networks. We focus on a setting where the data consists of clusters and the correlations between cluster…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-11-01 Spencer Frei , Gal Vardi , Peter L. Bartlett , Nathan Srebro

In this work, we investigate a particular implicit bias in gradient descent training, which we term "Feature Averaging," and argue that it is one of the principal factors contributing to the non-robustness of deep neural networks. We show…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-03-04 Binghui Li , Zhixuan Pan , Kaifeng Lyu , Jian Li

We investigate gradient descent training of wide neural networks and the corresponding implicit bias in function space. For univariate regression, we show that the solution of training a width-$n$ shallow ReLU network is within $n^{- 1/2}$…

机器学习 · 统计学 2023-05-30 Hui Jin , Guido Montúfar

Implicit deep learning has received increasing attention recently due to the fact that it generalizes the recursive prediction rules of many commonly used neural network architectures. Its prediction rule is provided implicitly based on the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-02-21 Tianxiang Gao , Hailiang Liu , Jia Liu , Hridesh Rajan , Hongyang Gao

Understanding implicit bias of gradient descent for generalization capability of ReLU networks has been an important research topic in machine learning research. Unfortunately, even for a single ReLU neuron trained with the square loss, it…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-06-14 Sangmin Lee , Byeongsu Sim , Jong Chul Ye

We examine the implicit bias of mirror flow in univariate least squares error regression with wide and shallow neural networks. For a broad class of potential functions, we show that mirror flow exhibits lazy training and has the same…

机器学习 · 统计学 2025-03-20 Shuang Liang , Guido Montúfar

One of the mysteries in the success of neural networks is randomly initialized first order methods like gradient descent can achieve zero training loss even though the objective function is non-convex and non-smooth. This paper demystifies…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-02-06 Simon S. Du , Xiyu Zhai , Barnabas Poczos , Aarti Singh
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