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Reinforcement Learning (RL) has been shown effective in domains where the agent can learn policies by actively interacting with its operating environment. However, if we change the RL scheme to offline setting where the agent can only…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-11-11 Jinning Li , Chen Tang , Masayoshi Tomizuka , Wei Zhan

Offline Reinforcement Learning (RL) aims to learn policies from previously collected datasets without exploring the environment. Directly applying off-policy algorithms to offline RL usually fails due to the extrapolation error caused by…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-02-24 Chenjia Bai , Lingxiao Wang , Zhuoran Yang , Zhihong Deng , Animesh Garg , Peng Liu , Zhaoran Wang

Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs is critical for safely deploying deep learning models in the real world. Existing approaches for detecting OOD examples work well when evaluated on benign in-distribution and OOD samples. However,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-12-10 Jiefeng Chen , Yixuan Li , Xi Wu , Yingyu Liang , Somesh Jha

An intuitive way to detect out-of-distribution (OOD) data is via the density function of a fitted probabilistic generative model: points with low density may be classed as OOD. But this approach has been found to fail, in deep learning…

机器学习 · 统计学 2022-11-02 Andi Zhang , Damon Wischik

We investigate reinforcement learning (RL) in the presence of distributional mismatch between training and deployment, where policies trained in simulators often underperform in practice due to mismatches between training and deployment…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-12 Debamita Ghosh , George K. Atia , Yue Wang

We study sequential decision-making with offline reinforcement learning (RL). Traditional offline RL policies may result in out-of-distribution (OOD) actions when training relies only on sparse offline representations. To ensure safe…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-26 Aysin Tumay , Jiahe Huang , Elise Jortberg , Rose Yu

It is crucial to detect when an instance lies downright too far from the training samples for the machine learning model to be trusted, a challenge known as out-of-distribution (OOD) detection. For neural networks, one approach to this task…

Neural networks (NNs) can achieved high performance in various fields such as computer vision, and natural language processing. However, deploying NNs in resource-constrained safety-critical systems has challenges due to uncertainty in the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-01-17 Soyed Tuhin Ahmed

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) faces a critical challenge of overestimating the value of out-of-distribution (OOD) actions. Existing methods mitigate this issue by penalizing unseen samples, yet they fail to accurately identify OOD…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-12 Qingjun Wang , Hongtu Zhou , Hang Yu , Junqiao Zhao , Yanping Zhao , Chen Ye , Ziqiao Wang , Guang Chen

This paper presents a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) framework for dynamic portfolio optimization under market uncertainty and risk. The proposed model integrates a Sharpe ratio-based reward function with direct risk control mechanisms,…

投资组合管理 · 定量金融 2025-11-17 Emmanuel Lwele , Sabuni Emmanuel , Sitali Gabriel Sitali

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are increasingly applied to safety-critical tasks in resource-constrained environments, such as video-based driver action and intention recognition. While last layer probabilistic deep learning (LL-PDL) methods…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-10-07 Koen Vellenga , H. Joe Steinhauer , Jonas Andersson , Anders Sjögren

The reliability of artificial intelligence (AI) systems in open-world settings depends heavily on their ability to flag out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs unseen during training. Recent advances in large-scale vision-language models (VLMs)…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-14 Faizul Rakib Sayem , Shahana Ibrahim

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a powerful technique for training intelligent agents, but understanding why these agents make specific decisions can be quite challenging. This lack of transparency in RL models has been a long-standing…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-04-02 Wenhao Lu , Xufeng Zhao , Thilo Fryen , Jae Hee Lee , Mengdi Li , Sven Magg , Stefan Wermter

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is an important task in machine learning systems for ensuring their reliability and safety. Deep probabilistic generative models facilitate OOD detection by estimating the likelihood of a data sample.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-06-16 Jaemoo Choi , Changyeon Yoon , Jeongwoo Bae , Myungjoo Kang

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) is a challenging setting where existing off-policy actor-critic methods perform poorly due to the overestimation of out-of-distribution state-action pairs. Thus, various additional augmentations are…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-02-23 Zifeng Zhuang , Kun Lei , Jinxin Liu , Donglin Wang , Yilang Guo

Enabling object detectors to recognize out-of-distribution (OOD) objects is vital for building reliable systems. A primary obstacle stems from the fact that models frequently do not receive supervisory signals from unfamiliar data, leading…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-03-31 Bin Zhang , Jinggang Chen , Xiaoyang Qu , Guokuan Li , Kai Lu , Jiguang Wan , Jing Xiao , Jianzong Wang

Uncertainty estimation is crucial for machine learning models to detect out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs. However, the conventional discriminative deep learning classifiers produce uncalibrated closed-set predictions for OOD data. A more…

Deep Reinforcement Learning is quickly becoming a popular method for training autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). Our work analyzes the effects of measurement uncertainty on the performance of Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) based…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2023-03-14 Bhaskar Joshi , Dhruv Kapur , Harikumar Kandath

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) presents distinct challenges as it relies solely on observational data. A central concern in this context is ensuring the safety of the learned policy by quantifying uncertainties associated with various…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-03 Xiaocong Chen , Siyu Wang , Tong Yu , Lina Yao

Uncertainty estimation has been widely studied in medical image segmentation as a tool to provide reliability, particularly in deep learning approaches. However, previous methods generally lack effective supervision in uncertainty…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-10-15 Yuzhu Li , An Sui , Fuping Wu , Xiahai Zhuang