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We introduce and study constrained Markov Decision Processes (cMDPs) with anytime constraints. An anytime constraint requires the agent to never violate its budget at any point in time, almost surely. Although Markovian policies are no…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-06-14 Jeremy McMahan , Xiaojin Zhu

We study upper and lower bounds on the sample-complexity of learning near-optimal behaviour in finite-state discounted Markov Decision Processes (MDPs). For the upper bound we make the assumption that each action leads to at most two…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2013-05-17 Tor Lattimore , Marcus Hutter

A Markov Decision Process (MDP) is a popular model for reinforcement learning. However, its commonly used assumption of stationary dynamics and rewards is too stringent and fails to hold in adversarial, nonstationary, or multi-agent…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-08-22 Tiancheng Yu , Suvrit Sra

We derive and analyze learning algorithms for apprenticeship learning, policy evaluation, and policy gradient for average reward criteria. Existing algorithms explicitly require an upper bound on the mixing time. In contrast, we build on…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-06-23 Tom Zahavy , Alon Cohen , Haim Kaplan , Yishay Mansour

The framework of mixed observable Markov decision processes (MOMDP) models many robotic domains in which some state variables are fully observable while others are not. In this work, we identify a significant subclass of MOMDPs defined by…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2022-06-07 Hai Nguyen , Zhihan Yang , Andrea Baisero , Xiao Ma , Robert Platt , Christopher Amato

We study episodic reinforcement learning in non-stationary linear (a.k.a. low-rank) Markov Decision Processes (MDPs), i.e, both the reward and transition kernel are linear with respect to a given feature map and are allowed to evolve either…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-12-28 Ahmed Touati , Pascal Vincent

In Reinforcement Learning (RL), it is commonly assumed that an immediate reward signal is generated for each action taken by the agent, helping the agent maximize cumulative rewards to obtain the optimal policy. However, in many real-world…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-10-29 Yuting Tang , Xin-Qiang Cai , Yao-Xiang Ding , Qiyu Wu , Guoqing Liu , Masashi Sugiyama

We consider the problem of learning the optimal action-value function in the discounted-reward Markov decision processes (MDPs). We prove a new PAC bound on the sample-complexity of model-based value iteration algorithm in the presence of…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2012-07-03 Mohammad Gheshlaghi Azar , Remi Munos , Bert Kappen

Safety is a fundamental challenge in reinforcement learning (RL), particularly in real-world applications such as autonomous driving, robotics, and healthcare. To address this, Constrained Markov Decision Processes (CMDPs) are commonly used…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-18 Chang Liu , Yunfan Li , Lin F. Yang

This paper discusses theoretical and experimental aspects of gradient-based approaches to the direct optimization of policy performance in controlled POMDPs. We introduce GPOMDP, a REINFORCE-like algorithm for estimating an approximation to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-08 Jonathan Baxter , Peter L. Bartlett

Fairness plays a crucial role in various multi-agent systems (e.g., communication networks, financial markets, etc.). Many multi-agent dynamical interactions can be cast as Markov Decision Processes (MDPs). While existing research has…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-06-02 Peizhong Ju , Arnob Ghosh , Ness B. Shroff

We consider reinforcement learning (RL) in Markov Decision Processes in which an agent repeatedly interacts with an environment that is modeled by a controlled Markov process. At each time step $t$, it earns a reward, and also incurs a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-03-16 Rahul Singh , Abhishek Gupta , Ness B. Shroff

Robust Markov decision processes (RMDPs) extend standard Markov decision processes (MDPs) to account for uncertainty in the transition probabilities. RMDPs have an uncertainty set that defines a set of possible transition functions, each of…

计算机科学中的逻辑 · 计算机科学 2026-04-30 Marnix Suilen , Guillermo A. Pérez

In this paper we consider the problem of learning an $\epsilon$-optimal policy for a discounted Markov Decision Process (MDP). Given an MDP with $S$ states, $A$ actions, the discount factor $\gamma \in (0,1)$, and an approximation threshold…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-12-25 Zihan Zhang , Yuan Zhou , Xiangyang Ji

This paper proposes a computationally tractable algorithm for learning infinite-horizon average-reward linear mixture Markov decision processes (MDPs) under the Bellman optimality condition. Our algorithm for linear mixture MDPs achieves a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-10-22 Woojin Chae , Kihyuk Hong , Yufan Zhang , Ambuj Tewari , Dabeen Lee

Average-reward Markov decision processes (MDPs) provide a foundational framework for sequential decision-making under uncertainty. However, average-reward MDPs have remained largely unexplored in reinforcement learning (RL) settings, with…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-08-29 Juan Sebastian Rojas , Chi-Guhn Lee

We study reinforcement learning in MDPs whose transition function is stochastic at most steps but may behave adversarially at a fixed subset of $\Lambda$ steps per episode. This model captures environments that are stable except at a few…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-11 Ofir Schlisselberg , Tal Lancewicki , Yishay Mansour

State-of-the-art model-based reinforcement learning methods train policies on imagined rollouts. These rollouts are trajectories generated by a learned dynamics model and are scored by a learned reward model, but without querying the true…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-13 Nadav Timor , Ravid Shwartz-Ziv , Micah Goldblum , Yann LeCun , David Harel

In contrast to the advances in characterizing the sample complexity for solving Markov decision processes (MDPs), the optimal statistical complexity for solving constrained MDPs (CMDPs) remains unknown. We resolve this question by providing…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-11-22 Sharan Vaswani , Lin F. Yang , Csaba Szepesvári

Reinforcement learning in non-stationary environments is challenging due to abrupt and unpredictable changes in dynamics, often causing traditional algorithms to fail to converge. However, in many real-world cases, non-stationarity has some…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-03-25 Mohsen Amiri , Sindri Magnússon