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The reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has attracted considerable attention of both academia and industry in recent years, given its capacity to dynamically manipulate the reflection of incident electromagnetic waves. Although the…

信号处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2026-04-09 Pedro H. C. de Souza , Luciano Mendes

This work initiates the study of a beyond-diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS)-aided transmitter architecture for integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) in the millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequency band. Deploying BD-RIS…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2024-04-29 Kexin Chen , Yijie Mao

Following the promising beamforming gains offered by reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs), a new hardware architecture, known as \emph{beyond diagonal RIS (BD-RIS)}, has recently been proposed. This architecture enables controllable…

信号处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2024-04-02 Özlem Tuğfe Demir , Emil Björnson

Benefiting from its capability to generalize existing reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) architectures and provide additional design flexibility via interactions between RIS elements, beyond-diagonal RIS (BD-RIS) has attracted…

信号处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-01-20 Xiaohua Zhou , Tianyu Fang , Yijie Mao

Beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) refers to a family of RIS architectures characterized by scattering matrices not limited to being diagonal and enables higher wave manipulation flexibility and large performance…

信号处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-04-16 Rui Wang , Shuowen Zhang , Bruno Clerckx , Liang Liu

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have emerged as a spectrum- and energy-efficient technology to enhance the coverage of wireless communications within the upcoming 6G networks. Recently, novel extensions of this technology,…

信号处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2024-06-07 Mostafa Samy , Hayder Al-Hraishawi , Abuzar B. M. Adam , Konstantinos Ntontin , Symeon Chatzinotas , Björn Otteresten

Beyond-diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) has arisen as a promising technology for enhancing wireless communication systems by enabling flexible and intelligent wave manipulation. This is achieved through the…

信号处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-12-22 Ziang Liu , Bruno Clerckx

Beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (BD-RIS) have emerged as a transformative technology for enhancing wireless communication by intelligently manipulating the propagation environment. This paper explores the potential of…

信号处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-03-21 Wali Ullah Khan , Chandan Kumar Sheemar , Eva Lagunas , Symeon Chatzinotas

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has drawn considerable attention from the research society recently, which creates favorable propagation conditions by controlling the phase shifts of the reflected waves at the surface, thereby…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2019-11-01 Boya Di , Hongliang Zhang , Lingyang Song , Yonghui Li , Zhu Han , H. Vincent Poor

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) is a breakthrough technology enabling the dynamic control of the propagation environment in wireless communications through programmable surfaces. To improve the flexibility of conventional diagonal…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2025-10-28 Matteo Nerini , Hongyu Li , Bruno Clerckx

Beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (BD-RIS) can realize the interconnection between reflecting elements through the impedance network, thereby providing a new approach for the performance improvement of integrated sensing…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2026-03-17 Xuejun Cheng , Qian Zhang , Yuhui Jiao , Shiyao Guo , Xiaotong Xu , Guanghui Luo , Ju Liu

Stacked intelligent metasurface (SIM) has emerged as a technology enabling wave domain beamforming through multiple stacked reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs). SIM has been implemented so far with diagonal RIS (D-RIS), while SIM…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2024-05-14 Matteo Nerini , Bruno Clerckx

Beyond-diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (BD-RISs) significantly improve wireless performance by allowing tunable interconnections among elements, but their design in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems has so far…

信号处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2026-04-13 Ignacio Santamaria , Mohammad Soleymani , Jesus Gutierrez , Eduard Jorswieck

A reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is commonly made of low-cost passive and reflective meta-materials with excellent beam steering capabilities. It is applied to enhance wireless communication systems as a customizable signal…

信号处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2024-07-16 Kun Chen-Hu , Petar Popovski

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-aided cell-free (CF) massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) is a promising technology for further improving spectral efficiency (SE) with low cost and power consumption. However, conventional…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2025-12-02 Yizhuo Li , Jiakang Zheng , Bokai Xu , Yiyang Zhu , Jiayi Zhang , Dusit Niyato , Bo Ai

Integrating BD-RIS into wireless communications systems has attracted significant interest due to its transformative potential in enhancing system performance. This survey provides a comprehensive analysis of BD-RIS technology, examining…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2025-03-13 Omar Maraqa , Majid H. Khoshafa , Olutayo O. Oyerinde , Telex M. N. Ngatched

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) has become a popular technology to improve the capability of a THz multiuser Multi-input multi-output (MIMO) communication system. THz wave characteristics, on the other hand, restrict THz beam…

信号处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2022-07-01 Yicong Liu , Weijie Li , Zihuai Lin

Novel reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) architectures, known as beyond diagonal RISs (BD-RISs), have been proposed to enhance reflection efficiency and expand RIS capabilities. However, their passive nature, non-diagonal reflection…

信号处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2024-11-28 Nipuni Ginige , Arthur Sousa de Sena , Nurul Huda Mahmood , Nandana Rajatheva , Matti Latva-aho

The shift toward sixth-generation (6G) wireless communications demands transceiver architectures that simultaneously support high-data-rate communications, pervasive sensing, and sub-meter-level localization. Beyond these performance…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2026-05-12 Mahmoud Raeisi , Ayoub Ammar Boudjelal , Henk Wymeersch , Ertugrul Basar , Huseyin Arslan

In this paper, practical utilization of multiple distributed reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs), which are able to conduct group-specific operations, for multi-group multicasting systems is investigated. To tackle the inter-group…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2024-01-31 Hyeongtaek Lee , Seungsik Moon , Youngjoo Lee , Jaeky Oh , Jaehoon Chung , Junil Choi