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The Onion Router (Tor) is a controversial network whose utility is constantly under scrutiny. On the one hand, it allows for anonymous interaction and cooperation of users seeking untraceable navigation on the Internet. This freedom also…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-04-24 Alfonso Rodriguez Barredo-Valenzuela , Sergio Pastrana Portillo , Guillermo Suarez-Tangil

Website fingerprinting (WF) attacks on Tor can infer user destinations from encrypted traffic metadata. However, their real-world effectiveness remains debated due to laboratory settings that fail to capture network fluctuations, evaluate…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-03-10 Mohammadhamed Shadbeh , Khashayar Khajavi , Tao Wang

Darknet technology such as Tor has been used by various threat actors for organising illegal activities and data exfiltration. As such, there is a case for organisations to block such traffic, or to try and identify when it is used and for…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2018-08-06 Hamish Haughey , Gregory Epiphaniou , Haider Al-Khateeb , Ali Dehghantanha

Tor is a communications infrastructure widely used for unfettered and anonymous access to Internet websites. Tor is also used to access sites on the .onion virtual domain. The focus of .onion use and discussion has traditionally been on the…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2015-06-15 Paul Syverson , Griffin Boyce

The Onion Router (Tor) relies on path selection algorithms to balance performance and anonymity by determining how traffic flows through its relay network. As Tor scales and usage patterns evolve, default strategies such as…

网络与互联网体系结构 · 计算机科学 2025-08-26 Siddique Abubakr Muntaka , Jacques Bou Abdo

Previous attacks that link the sender and receiver of traffic in the Tor network ("correlation attacks") have generally relied on analyzing traffic from TCP connections. The TCP connections of a typical client application, however, are…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2016-10-13 Benjamin Greschbach , Tobias Pulls , Laura M. Roberts , Philipp Winter , Nick Feamster

Tor is an anonymity network used by millions of people every day to evade censorship and protect their browsing activity from privacy threats such as mass surveillance. Unfortunately, Tor has been shown to be vulnerable to website…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2023-10-18 Ethan Witwer

While anonymity networks like Tor aim to protect the privacy of their users, they are vulnerable to traffic analysis attacks such as Website Fingerprinting (WF) and Flow Correlation (FC). Recent implementations of WF and FC attacks, such as…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2023-09-26 James K Holland , Jason Carpenter , Se Eun Oh , Nicholas Hopper

Tor onion services rely on long-lived introduction circuits to support anonymous rendezvous between clients and services. Although Tor incorporates defenses against traffic analysis, the introduction protocol retains deterministic routing…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-04-27 Nicolas Constantinides

Tor users are vulnerable to deanonymization by an adversary that can observe some Tor relays or some parts of the network. We demonstrate that previous network-aware path-selection algorithms that propose to solve this problem are…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2017-01-30 Aaron Johnson , Rob Jansen , Aaron D. Jaggard , Joan Feigenbaum , Paul Syverson

Website fingerprinting attacks enable an adversary to infer which website a victim is visiting, even if the victim uses an encrypting proxy, such as Tor. Previous work has shown that all proposed defenses against website fingerprinting…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2014-01-24 Xiang Cai , Rishab Nithyanand , Rob Johnson

Website fingerprinting attack is an extensively studied technique used in a web browser to analyze traffic patterns and thus infer confidential information about users. Several website fingerprinting attacks based on machine learning and…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2023-02-28 Guodong Huang , Chuan Ma , Ming Ding , Yuwen Qian , Chunpeng Ge , Liming Fang , Zhe Liu

Website Fingerprinting (WF) attacks can effectively identify the websites visited by Tor clients via analyzing encrypted traffic patterns. Existing attacks focus on identifying different websites, but their accuracy dramatically decreases…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-09-09 Xiyuan Zhao , Xinhao Deng , Qi Li , Yunpeng Liu , Zhuotao Liu , Kun Sun , Ke Xu

Tor, an onion-routing anonymity network, has been shown to be vulnerable to Website Fingerprinting (WF), which de-anonymizes web browsing by analyzing the unique characteristics of the encrypted network traffic. Although many defenses have…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2021-11-25 Jiajun Gong , Wuqi Zhang , Charles Zhang , Tao Wang

Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have recently reached state-of-the-art Handwritten Text Recognition (HTR) performance. However, recent research has shown that typical CNNs' learning performance is limited since they are…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2022-07-19 Hanadi Hassen Mohammed , Junaid Malik , Somaya Al-Madeed , Serkan Kiranyaz

Flow correlation is the core technique used in a multitude of deanonymization attacks on Tor. Despite the importance of flow correlation attacks on Tor, existing flow correlation techniques are considered to be ineffective and unreliable in…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2018-08-23 Milad Nasr , Alireza Bahramali , Amir Houmansadr

Website Fingerprinting (WF) attacks are used by local passive attackers to determine the destination of encrypted internet traffic by comparing the sequences of packets sent to and received by the user to a previously recorded data set. As…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2021-09-23 James K Holland , Nicholas Hopper

Website Fingerprinting (WF) aims to deanonymize users on the Tor network by analyzing encrypted network traffic. Recent deep-learning-based attacks show high accuracy on undefended traces. However, they struggle against modern defenses that…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-12-17 Jiajun Gong , Wei Cai , Siyuan Liang , Zhong Guan , Tao Wang , Ee-Chien Chang

The unevenness importance of criminal activities in the onion domains of the Tor Darknet and the different levels of their appeal to the end-user make them tangled to measure their influence. To this end, this paper presents a novel…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-10-08 Mhd Wesam Al-Nabki , Eduardo Fidalgo , Enrique Alegre , Deisy Chaves

Anonymity systems like Tor are vulnerable to Website Fingerprinting (WF) attacks, where a local passive eavesdropper infers the victim's activity. Current WF attacks based on deep learning classifiers have successfully overcome numerous…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2021-02-09 Shawn Shan , Arjun Nitin Bhagoji , Haitao Zheng , Ben Y. Zhao