相关论文: Prioritization of Metamorphic Relations to reduce …
An oracle determines whether the output of a program for executed test cases is correct. For machine learning programs, such an oracle is often unavailable or impractical to apply. Metamorphic testing addresses this by using metamorphic…
Metamorphic testing (MT) is widely used for testing programs that face the oracle problem. It uses a set of metamorphic relations (MRs), which are relations among multiple inputs and their corresponding outputs to determine whether the…
Model transformations are the cornerstone of Model-Driven Engineering, and provide the essential mechanisms for manipulating and transforming models. Checking whether the output of a model transformation is correct is a manual and…
Metamorphic testing seeks to verify software in the absence of test oracles. Our application domain is ocean system modeling, where test oracles rarely exist, but where symmetries of the simulated physical systems are known. The input data…
Testing software is often costly due to the need of mass-producing test cases and providing a test oracle for it. This is often referred to as the oracle problem. One method that has been proposed in order to alleviate the oracle problem is…
Metamorphic testing has become one mainstream technique to address the notorious oracle problem in software testing, thanks to its great successes in revealing real-life bugs in a wide variety of software systems. Metamorphic relations, the…
Software testing is often hindered where it is impossible or impractical to determine the correctness of the behaviour or output of the software under test (SUT), a situation known as the oracle problem. An example of an area facing the…
Software testing is difficult to automate, especially in programs which have no oracle, or method of determining which output is correct. Metamorphic testing is a solution this problem. Metamorphic testing uses metamorphic relations to…
Security testing verifies that the data and the resources of software systems are protected from attackers. Unfortunately, it suffers from the oracle problem, which refers to the challenge, given an input for a system, of distinguishing…
Matrices often represent important information in scientific applications and are involved in performing complex calculations. But systematically testing these applications is hard due to the oracle problem. Metamorphic testing is an…
Automated test generation has helped to reduce the cost of software testing. However, developing effective test oracles for these automatically generated test inputs is a challenging task. Therefore, most automated test generation tools use…
In machine learning, supervised classifiers are used to obtain predictions for unlabeled data by inferring prediction functions using labeled data. Supervised classifiers are widely applied in domains such as computational biology,…
Metamorphic Testing (MT) is a testing technique that can effectively alleviate the oracle problem. MT uses Metamorphic Relations (MRs) to determine if a test case passes or fails. MRs specify how the outputs should vary in response to…
Metamorphic Testing (MT) addresses the test oracle problem by examining the relations between inputs and outputs of test executions. Such relations are known as Metamorphic Relations (MRs). In current practice, identifying and selecting…
Metamorphic Testing (MT) addresses the test oracle problem by examining the relationships between input-output pairs in consecutive executions of the System Under Test (SUT). These relations, known as Metamorphic Relations (MRs), specify…
Metamorphic testing (TM) examines the relations between inputs and outputs of test runs. These relations are known as metamorphic relations (MR). Currently, MRs are handpicked and require in-depth knowledge of the System Under Test (SUT),…
Metamorphic testing is a testing method for problems without test oracles. Integration testing allows for detecting errors in complex systems that may not be found during the testing of their components. In this paper, we propose a novel…
Blockchain smart contracts play a crucial role in automating and securing agreements in diverse domains such as finance, healthcare, and supply chains. Despite their critical applications, testing these contracts often receives less…
Metamorphic Testing (MT) alleviates the oracle problem by defining oracles based on metamorphic relations (MRs), that govern multiple related inputs and their outputs. However, designing MRs is challenging, as it requires domain-specific…
Security testing aims at verifying that the software meets its security properties. In modern Web systems, however, this often entails the verification of the outputs generated when exercising the system with a very large set of inputs.…