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We generalize recent theoretical work on the minimal number of layers of narrow deep belief networks that can approximate any probability distribution on the states of their visible units arbitrarily well. We relax the setting of binary…

机器学习 · 统计学 2014-01-30 Guido F. Montúfar

We improve recently published results about resources of Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBM) and Deep Belief Networks (DBN) required to make them Universal Approximators. We show that any distribution p on the set of binary vectors of…

机器学习 · 统计学 2010-07-27 Guido Montufar , Nihat Ay

This paper studies the universal approximation property of deep neural networks for representing probability distributions. Given a target distribution $\pi$ and a source distribution $p_z$ both defined on $\mathbb{R}^d$, we prove under…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-11-17 Yulong Lu , Jianfeng Lu

We establish upper bounds for the minimal number of hidden units for which a binary stochastic feedforward network with sigmoid activation probabilities and a single hidden layer is a universal approximator of Markov kernels. We show that…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2015-03-26 Guido Montufar

We show that deep narrow Boltzmann machines are universal approximators of probability distributions on the activities of their visible units, provided they have sufficiently many hidden layers, each containing the same number of units as…

机器学习 · 统计学 2015-04-13 Guido Montufar

In this paper, we study approximation properties of single hidden layer neural networks with weights varying on finitely many directions and thresholds from an open interval. We obtain a necessary and at the same time sufficient measure…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-04-05 Vugar Ismailov , Ekrem Savas

We study two-layer belief networks of binary random variables in which the conditional probabilities Pr[childlparents] depend monotonically on weighted sums of the parents. In large networks where exact probabilistic inference is…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2013-02-01 Michael Kearns , Lawrence Saul

The universal approximation theorem, in one of its most general versions, says that if we consider only continuous activation functions $\sigma$, then a standard feedforward neural network with one hidden layer is able to approximate any…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-02-18 Kai Fong Ernest Chong

Universal approximation theorems are the foundations of classical neural networks, providing theoretical guarantees that the latter are able to approximate maps of interest. Recent results have shown that this can also be achieved in a…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-04-14 Lukas Gonon , Antoine Jacquier

We review recent results about the maximal values of the Kullback-Leibler information divergence from statistical models defined by neural networks, including naive Bayes models, restricted Boltzmann machines, deep belief networks, and…

统计理论 · 数学 2014-06-18 Guido Montufar , Johannes Rauh , Nihat Ay

Deep neural networks (DNNs) exhibit an exceptional capacity for generalization in practical applications. This work aims to capture the effect and benefits of depth for supervised learning via information-theoretic generalization bounds. We…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-09 Haiyun He , Ziv Goldfeld

This work presents an upper-bound to value that the Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence can reach for a class of probability distributions called quantum distributions (QD). The aim is to find a distribution $U$ which maximizes the KL…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-12-11 Vincenzo Bonnici

This paper shows that large nonparametric classes of conditional multivariate densities can be approximated in the Kullback--Leibler distance by different specifications of finite mixtures of normal regressions in which normal means and…

统计理论 · 数学 2010-10-05 Andriy Norets

We study the mixtures of factorizing probability distributions represented as visible marginal distributions in stochastic layered networks. We take the perspective of kernel transitions of distributions, which gives a unified picture of…

机器学习 · 统计学 2012-11-06 Guido F. Montufar , Jason Morton

We consider the problem of estimating probability density functions based on sample data, using a finite mixture of densities from some component class. To this end, we introduce the $h$-lifted Kullback--Leibler (KL) divergence as a…

机器学习 · 统计学 2024-12-24 Mark Chiu Chong , Hien Duy Nguyen , TrungTin Nguyen

Probabilistic generative neural networks are useful for many applications, such as image classification, speech recognition and occlusion removal. However, the power budget for hardware implementations of neural networks can be extremely…

神经与进化计算 · 计算机科学 2017-05-09 Xiaojing Xu , Srinjoy Das , Ken Kreutz-Delgado

We provide here a universal approximation theorem with precise quantitative error bounds for noisy quantum neural networks. We focus on applications to Quantitative Finance, where target functions are often given as expectations. We further…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-05-20 Lukas Gonon , Antoine Jacquier , Marcel Mordarski

Let $X| \mu \sim N_p(\mu,v_xI)$ and $Y| \mu \sim N_p(\mu,v_yI)$ be independent p-dimensional multivariate normal vectors with common unknown mean $\mu$. Based on only observing $X=x$, we consider the problem of obtaining a predictive…

统计理论 · 数学 2007-06-13 Edward I. George , Feng Liang , Xinyi Xu

Estimating the Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence between random variables is a fundamental problem in statistical analysis. For continuous random variables, traditional information-theoretic estimators scale poorly with dimension and/or…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-08 Mikil Foss , Andrew Lamperski

We consider the fundamental problem of estimating a discrete distribution on a domain of size $K$ with high probability in Kullback-Leibler divergence. We provide upper and lower bounds on the minimax estimation rate, which show that the…

机器学习 · 统计学 2026-02-23 Dirk van der Hoeven , Julia Olkhovskaia , Tim van Erven
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