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The guest star of AD 1181 is the only historical supernova of the last millennium that is without a definite counterpart. The previously proposed association with supernova remnant 3C58 is in strong doubt because of the inferred age of this…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2021-09-22 Andreas Ritter , Quentin Parker , Foteini Lykou , Albert Zijlstra , Martin Guerrero , Pascal le Du

A newly recognized young Galactic SN remnant, Pa 30 (G123.1+4.6), centered on a hot central star with a ~16,000 km/s wind velocity has recently been proposed to be the result of a double-degenerate merger leading to a SN Iax event…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2023-03-08 Robert A. Fesen , Bradley E. Schaefer , Dana Patchick

The recently discovered Pa 30 nebula, the putative type Iax supernova remnant associated with the historical supernova of 1181 AD, shows puzzling characteristics that make it unique among known supernova remnants. In particular, Pa 30…

Pa 30 is the recently identified remnant of the historical supernova SN 1181, likely a Type Iax event, and a nebula surrounding the central white dwarf launching a fast wind ($\sim10^9~\cm~\s^{-1}$) is observed in optical and infrared…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2026-01-07 Takatoshi Ko , Ryosuke Hirai , Taiga Sasaoka , Toshikazu Shigeyama

IRAS 00500+6713 is a hypothesized remnant of a type Iax supernova SN 1181. Multi-wavelength observations have revealed its complicated morphology; a dusty infrared ring is sandwiched by the inner and outer X-ray nebulae. We analyze the…

We present X-ray and radio observations of what may be the closest type Iax supernova (SN) to date, SN 2014dt (d=12.3-19.3 Mpc) and provide tight constraints on the radio and X-ray emission. We infer a specific radio luminosity of <…

Over the previous millennium, only five Galactic supernovae were observed and recorded by contemporary astronomers, and their current-day counterparts subsequently identified. The remnants of four of these have all been very deeply studied,…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2025-09-29 J. Holder , Qiqi Jiang

We describe observed properties of the Type Iax class of supernovae (SNe Iax), consisting of SNe observationally similar to its prototypical member, SN 2002cx. The class currently has 25 members, and we present optical photometry and/or…

Type Iax supernovae (SNe Iax) are thermonuclear explosions that are related to SNe Ia, but are physically distinct. The most important differences are that SNe Iax have significantly lower luminosity (1% - 50% that of typical SNe Ia), lower…

We present and discuss the radio observations of 27 Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) observed over two decades with the Very Large Array. No SN Ia has been detected so far in the radio, implying a very low density for any possible circumstellar…

Pa 30 has been identified as the nebular remnant of the historical SN 1181. It is host to a hot ($\approx200,000\,{\rm K}$) central star (WD J005311) with a fast wind ($\approx16,000\,{\rm km\,s^{-1}}$) radiating at roughly the Eddington…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2026-03-13 Anthony L. Piro , Yossef Zenati , Tin Long Sunny Wong

Supernovae Type Iax (SNe Iax) are less energetic and less luminous than typical thermonuclear explosions. A suggested explanation for the observed characteristics of this subclass is a binary progenitor system consisting of a CO white dwarf…

Subluminous Type Ia supernovae, such as the Type Iax class prototype SN 2002cx, are described by a variety of models such as the failed detonation and partial deflagration of an accreting carbon-oxygen white dwarf star, or the explosion of…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2017-08-21 S. Vennes , P. Nemeth , A. Kawka , J. R. Thorstensen , V. Khalack , L. Ferrario , E. H. Alper

Type Iax supernovae (SNe~Iax) are the most common class of peculiar SNe. While they are thought to be thermonuclear white-dwarf (WD) SNe, SNe~Iax are observationally similar to, but distinct from SNe~Ia. Unlike SNe~Ia, where roughly 30\%…

We present panchromatic optical $+$ near-infrared (NIR) $+$ mid-infrared (MIR) observations of the intermediate-luminosity Type Iax supernova (SN Iax) 2024pxl and the extremely low-luminosity SN Iax 2024vjm. JWST observations provide…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2025-10-20 Lindsey A. Kwok , Mridweeka Singh , Saurabh W. Jha , Stéphane Blondin , Raya Dastidar , Conor Larison , Adam A. Miller , Jennifer E. Andrews , Moira Andrews , G. C. Anupama , Katie Auchettl , Dominik Bánhidi , Barnabas Barna , K. Azalee Bostroem , Thomas G. Brink , Régis Cartier , Ping Chen , Collin T. Christy , David A. Coulter , Sofia Covarrubias , Kyle W. Davis , Connor B. Dickinson , Yize Dong , Joseph R. Farah , Alexei V. Filippenko , Andreas Flörs , Ryan J. Foley , Noah Franz , Christoffer Fremling , Lluís Galbany , Anjasha Gangopadhyay , Aarna Garg , Peter Garnavich , Elinor L. Gates , Or Graur , Alexa C. Gordon , Daichi Hiramatsu , Emily Hoang , D. Andrew Howell , Brian Hsu , Joel Johansson , Arti Joshi , Lordrick A. Kahinga , Ravjit Kaur , Sahana Kumar , Piramon Kumnurdmanee , Hanindyo Kuncarayakti , Natalie LeBaron , Chang Liu , Keiichi Maeda , Kate Maguire , Curtis McCully , Darshana Mehta , Luca M. Menotti , Anne J. Metevier , Kuntal Misra , C. Tanner Murphey , Megan Newsome , Estefania Padilla Gonzalez , Kishore C. Patra , Jeniveve Pearson , Anthony L. Piro , Abigail Polin , Aravind P. Ravi , Armin Rest , Nabeel Rehemtulla , Nicolas Meza Retamal , Olivia M. Robinson , César Rojas-Bravo , Devendra K. Sahu , David J. Sand , Brian P. Schmidt , Steve Schulze , Michaela Schwab , Manisha Shrestha , Matthew R. Siebert , Sunil Simha , Nathan Smith , Jesper Sollerman , Bhagya M. Subrayan , Tamás Szalai , Kirsty Taggart , Rishabh Singh Teja , Tea Temim , Jacco H. Terwel , Samaporn Tinyanont , Stefano Valenti , Jorge Anais Vilchez , József Vinkó , Aya L. Westerling , Yi Yang , WeiKang Zheng

We present pre-explosion and post-explosion Hubble Space Telescope images of the Type Iax supernova (SN Iax) 2014dt in M61. After astrometrically aligning these images, we do not detect any stellar sources at the position of the SN in the…

SN 2002cx-like Type Ia supernovae (also known as SNe Iax) represent one of the most numerous peculiar SN classes. They differ from normal SNe Ia by having fainter peak magnitudes, faster decline rates and lower photospheric velocities,…

We report the detection of weak high-velocity Na$\;$I absorption at V$_{\odot}$ = $-61.0\pm0.2$ km s$^{-1}$ in the spectrum of the stellar remnant at the center of the Galactic supernova remnant of 1181 AD. This velocity is not unlike that…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2026-04-07 Peter Garnavich , Robert A. Fesen

We examine the late-time (t > 200 days after peak brightness) spectra of Type Iax supernovae (SNe Iax), a low-luminosity, low-energy class of thermonuclear stellar explosions observationally similar to, but distinct from, Type Ia…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2016-06-15 Ryan J. Foley , Saurabh W. Jha , Yen-Chen Pan , WeiKang Zheng , Lars Bildsten , Alexei V. Filippenko , Daniel Kasen

Observations of stellar remnants linked to Type Ia and Type Iax supernovae are necessary to fully understand their progenitors. Multiple progenitor scenarios predict a population of kicked donor remnants and partially-burnt primary…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2019-08-14 Nicholas J. Ruffini , Andrew R. Casey
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