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Gradient Descent (GD) and its variants are the primary tool for enabling efficient training of recurrent dynamical systems such as Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), Neural ODEs and Gated Recurrent units (GRUs). The dynamics that are formed…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-10 James Hazelden , Laura Driscoll , Eli Shlizerman , Eric Shea-Brown

Among many mysteries behind the success of deep networks lies the exceptional discriminative power of their learned representations as manifested by the intriguing Neural Collapse (NC) phenomenon, where simple feature structures emerge at…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-27 Hancheng Min , Zhihui Zhu , René Vidal

We prove that two-layer (Leaky)ReLU networks initialized by e.g. the widely used method proposed by He et al. (2015) and trained using gradient descent on a least-squares loss are not universally consistent. Specifically, we describe a…

机器学习 · 统计学 2022-06-10 David Holzmüller , Ingo Steinwart

Multi-layer neural networks are among the most powerful models in machine learning, yet the fundamental reasons for this success defy mathematical understanding. Learning a neural network requires to optimize a non-convex high-dimensional…

机器学习 · 统计学 2022-06-08 Song Mei , Andrea Montanari , Phan-Minh Nguyen

There has been a recent surge of interest in understanding the convergence of gradient descent (GD) and stochastic gradient descent (SGD) in overparameterized neural networks. Most previous works assume that the training data is provided a…

机器学习 · 统计学 2021-05-04 Jiaming Xu , Hanjing Zhu

The implicit biases of gradient-based optimization algorithms are conjectured to be a major factor in the success of modern deep learning. In this work, we investigate the implicit bias of gradient flow and gradient descent in two-layer…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-10-14 Spencer Frei , Gal Vardi , Peter L. Bartlett , Nathan Srebro , Wei Hu

Recent advances have significantly improved our understanding of the generalization performance of gradient descent (GD) methods in deep neural networks. A natural and fundamental question is whether GD can achieve generalization rates…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-14 Yuanfan Li , Yunwen Lei , Zheng-Chu Guo , Yiming Ying

We study finite-sum nonconvex optimization problems, where the objective function is an average of $n$ nonconvex functions. We propose a new stochastic gradient descent algorithm based on nested variance reduction. Compared with…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-10-20 Dongruo Zhou , Pan Xu , Quanquan Gu

In distributed training of deep neural networks, people usually run Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) or its variants on each machine and communicate with other machines periodically. However, SGD might converge slowly in training some deep…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-10-14 Mingrui Liu , Zhenxun Zhuang , Yunwei Lei , Chunyang Liao

We study the convergence of gradient descent (GD) and stochastic gradient descent (SGD) for training $L$-hidden-layer linear residual networks (ResNets). We prove that for training deep residual networks with certain linear transformations…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-03-03 Difan Zou , Philip M. Long , Quanquan Gu

It is well understood that neural networks with carefully hand-picked weights provide powerful function approximation and that they can be successfully trained in over-parametrized regimes. Since over-parametrization ensures zero training…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-05-21 G. Welper

Despite recent theoretical progress on the non-convex optimization of two-layer neural networks, it is still an open question whether gradient descent on neural networks without unnatural modifications can achieve better sample complexity…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-10-10 Arvind Mahankali , Jeff Z. Haochen , Kefan Dong , Margalit Glasgow , Tengyu Ma

Recently, several studies have proven the global convergence and generalization abilities of the gradient descent method for two-layer ReLU networks. Most studies especially focused on the regression problems with the squared loss function,…

机器学习 · 统计学 2020-03-19 Atsushi Nitanda , Geoffrey Chinot , Taiji Suzuki

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is widely used in machine learning. Although being commonly viewed as a fast but not accurate version of gradient descent (GD), it always finds better solutions than GD for modern neural networks. In order…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2018-08-17 Robert Kleinberg , Yuanzhi Li , Yang Yuan

Despite the non-convex optimization landscape, over-parametrized shallow networks are able to achieve global convergence under gradient descent. The picture can be radically different for narrow networks, which tend to get stuck in…

机器学习 · 统计学 2023-06-16 Rodrigo Veiga , Ludovic Stephan , Bruno Loureiro , Florent Krzakala , Lenka Zdeborová

We analyze the implicit bias of constant step stochastic subgradient descent (SGD). We consider the setting of binary classification with homogeneous neural networks - a large class of deep neural networks with ReLU-type activation…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-18 Sholom Schechtman , Nicolas Schreuder

We study the optimization of wide neural networks (NNs) via gradient flow (GF) in setups that allow feature learning while admitting non-asymptotic global convergence guarantees. First, for wide shallow NNs under the mean-field scaling and…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-04-25 Zhengdao Chen , Eric Vanden-Eijnden , Joan Bruna

The paper contains approximation guarantees for neural networks that are trained with gradient flow, with error measured in the continuous $L_2(\mathbb{S}^{d-1})$-norm on the $d$-dimensional unit sphere and targets that are Sobolev smooth.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-09-12 G. Welper

We prove the precise scaling, at finite depth and width, for the mean and variance of the neural tangent kernel (NTK) in a randomly initialized ReLU network. The standard deviation is exponential in the ratio of network depth to width.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-09-16 Boris Hanin , Mihai Nica

Recent works have shown that on sufficiently over-parametrized neural nets, gradient descent with relatively large initialization optimizes a prediction function in the RKHS of the Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK). This analysis leads to global…

机器学习 · 统计学 2020-04-28 Colin Wei , Jason D. Lee , Qiang Liu , Tengyu Ma