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To avoid prohibitive overheads in performing fault-tolerant quantum computation, the decoding problem needs to be solved accurately and at speeds sufficient for fast feedback. Existing decoding systems fail to satisfy both of these…

Finding efficient decoders for quantum error correcting codes adapted to realistic experimental noise in fault-tolerant devices represents a significant challenge. In this paper we introduce several decoding algorithms complemented by deep…

量子物理 · 物理学 2018-08-01 Christopher Chamberland , Pooya Ronagh

Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are a promising approach to the decoding problem of Quantum Error Correction (QEC), but have observed consistent difficulty when generalising performance to larger QEC codes. Recent scalability-focused…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-05-08 Spiro Gicev , Lloyd C. L. Hollenberg , Muhammad Usman

Quantum error-correcting codes (QECCs) can eliminate the negative effects of quantum noise, the major obstacle to the execution of quantum algorithms. However, realizing practical quantum error correction (QEC) requires resolving many…

Machine learning has the potential to become an important tool in quantum error correction as it allows the decoder to adapt to the error distribution of a quantum chip. An additional motivation for using neural networks is the fact that…

量子物理 · 物理学 2019-09-18 Nikolas P. Breuckmann , Xiaotong Ni

Fault-tolerant quantum computing demands decoders that are fast, accurate, and adaptable to circuit structure and realistic noise. While machine learning (ML) decoders have demonstrated impressive performance for quantum memory, their use…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-09-16 J. Pablo Bonilla Ataides , Andi Gu , Susanne F. Yelin , Mikhail D. Lukin

A fault-tolerant quantum computer will be supported by a classical decoding system interfacing with quantum hardware to perform quantum error correction. It is important that the decoder can keep pace with the quantum clock speed, within…

量子物理 · 物理学 2023-03-17 Samuel C. Smith , Benjamin J. Brown , Stephen D. Bartlett

Quantum computers require error correction to achieve universal quantum computing. However, current decoding of quantum error-correcting codes relies on classical computation, which is slower than quantum operations in superconducting…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-06-11 Pan Zhang

Fast, scalable decoding architectures that operate in a block-wise parallel fashion across space and time are essential for real-time fault-tolerant quantum computing. We introduce a scalable AI-based pre-decoder for the surface code that…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-04-15 Christopher Chamberland , Jan Olle , Muyuan Li , Scott Thornton , Igor Baratta

The decoding of error syndromes of surface codes with classical algorithms may slow down quantum computation. To overcome this problem it is possible to implement decoding algorithms based on artificial neural networks. This work reports a…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-04-21 Simone Bordoni , Stefano Giagu

Matching algorithms can be used for identifying errors in quantum systems, being the most famous the Blossom algorithm. Recent works have shown that small distance quantum error correction codes can be efficiently decoded by employing…

量子物理 · 物理学 2019-11-27 Savvas Varsamopoulos , Koen Bertels , Carmen G. Almudever

Quantum Error Correction (QEC) is required in quantum computers to mitigate the effect of errors on physical qubits. When adopting a QEC scheme based on surface codes, error decoding is the most computationally expensive task in the…

量子物理 · 物理学 2022-06-14 Ramon Overwater , Masoud Babaie , Fabio Sebastiano

Quantum error correction (QEC) is essential for scalable quantum computing. However, it requires classical decoders that are fast and accurate enough to keep pace with quantum hardware. While quantum low-density parity-check codes have…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-04-10 Andi Gu , J. Pablo Bonilla Ataides , Mikhail D. Lukin , Susanne F. Yelin

The surface code is one of the most promising candidates for combating errors in large scale fault-tolerant quantum computation. A fault-tolerant decoder is a vital part of the error correction process---it is the algorithm which computes…

量子物理 · 物理学 2015-09-15 Fern H. E. Watson , Hussain Anwar , Dan E. Browne

Information obtained from noise characterization of a quantum device can be used in classical decoding algorithms to improve the performance of quantum error-correcting codes. Focusing on the surface code under local (i.e. single-qubit)…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-03-14 Andrew S. Darmawan

With the advent of noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices, practical quantum computing has seemingly come into reach. However, to go beyond proof-of-principle calculations, the current processing architectures will need to scale up…

量子物理 · 物理学 2022-02-25 Kai Meinerz , Chae-Yeun Park , Simon Trebst

There has been a rise in decoding quantum error correction codes with neural network based decoders, due to the good decoding performance achieved and adaptability to any noise model. However, the main challenge is scalability to larger…

量子物理 · 物理学 2019-02-07 Savvas Varsamopoulos , Koen Bertels , Carmen G. Almudever

Decoding algorithms based on approximate tensor network contraction have proven tremendously successful in decoding 2D local quantum codes such as surface/toric codes and color codes, effectively achieving optimal decoding accuracy. In this…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-10-10 Christophe Piveteau , Christopher T. Chubb , Joseph M. Renes

Surface codes reach high error thresholds when decoded with known algorithms, but the decoding time will likely exceed the available time budget, especially for near-term implementations. To decrease the decoding time, we reduce the…

量子物理 · 物理学 2019-02-07 Savvas Varsamopoulos , Ben Criger , Koen Bertels

We show how to realize a general quantum circuit involving gates between arbitrary pairs of qubits by means of geometrically local quantum operations and efficient classical computation. We prove that circuit-level local stochastic noise…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-02-22 Shin Ho Choe , Robert Koenig
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