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Reinforcement learning can train LLM agents from sparse task rewards, but long-horizon credit assignment remains challenging: a single success-or-failure signal must be distributed across many actions. Existing methods rely on…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-20 Xiaozhe Li , Tianyi Lyu , Yang Li , Yichuan Ma , Peiji Li , Linyang Li , Qipeng Guo , Dahua Lin , Kai Chen

Reward design remains a critical bottleneck in visual reinforcement learning (RL) for robotic manipulation. In simulated environments, rewards are conventionally designed based on the distance to a target position. However, such precise…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-09-29 Nan Tang , Jing-Cheng Pang , Guanlin Li , Chao Qian , Yang Yu

Current reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms can be brittle and difficult to use, especially when learning goal-reaching behaviors from sparse rewards. Although supervised imitation learning provides a simple and stable alternative, it…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-10-06 Dibya Ghosh , Abhishek Gupta , Ashwin Reddy , Justin Fu , Coline Devin , Benjamin Eysenbach , Sergey Levine

Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning (HRL) is a promising approach to solving long-horizon problems with sparse and delayed rewards. Many existing HRL algorithms either use pre-trained low-level skills that are unadaptable, or require…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-10-11 Siyuan Li , Rui Wang , Minxue Tang , Chongjie Zhang

Preference-based reinforcement learning (PbRL) has shown impressive capabilities in training agents without reward engineering. However, a notable limitation of PbRL is its dependency on substantial human feedback. This dependency stems…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-05-30 Fengshuo Bai , Rui Zhao , Hongming Zhang , Sijia Cui , Ying Wen , Yaodong Yang , Bo Xu , Lei Han

A key theme in the past decade has been that when large neural networks and large datasets combine they can produce remarkable results. In deep reinforcement learning (RL), this paradigm is commonly made possible through experience replay,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-10-30 Cong Lu , Philip J. Ball , Yee Whye Teh , Jack Parker-Holder

Humans are able to understand and perform complex tasks by strategically structuring the tasks into incremental steps or subgoals. For a robot attempting to learn to perform a sequential task with critical subgoal states, such states can…

人机交互 · 计算机科学 2018-06-25 Xinlei Pan , Eshed Ohn-Bar , Nicholas Rhinehart , Yan Xu , Yilin Shen , Kris M. Kitani

Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms allow artificial agents to improve their selection of actions to increase rewarding experiences in their environments. Temporal Difference (TD) Learning -- a model-free RL method -- is a leading…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-09-05 Jacob Rafati , David C. Noelle

While the recent advances in deep reinforcement learning have achieved impressive results in learning motor skills, many of the trained policies are only capable within a limited set of initial states. We propose a technique to break down a…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2018-11-19 Visak C. V. Kumar , Sehoon Ha , C. Karen Liu

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has achieved remarkable success in various continuous control tasks, such as robot manipulation and locomotion. Different to mainstream RL which makes decisions at individual steps, recent studies have…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-03-07 Buqing Nie , Yangqing Fu , Yue Gao

In the landscape of Recommender System (RS) applications, reinforcement learning (RL) has recently emerged as a powerful tool, primarily due to its proficiency in optimizing long-term rewards. Nevertheless, it suffers from instability in…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2024-06-11 Ziru Liu , Shuchang Liu , Zijian Zhang , Qingpeng Cai , Xiangyu Zhao , Kesen Zhao , Lantao Hu , Peng Jiang , Kun Gai

Conventional video summarization approaches based on reinforcement learning have the problem that the reward can only be received after the whole summary is generated. Such kind of reward is sparse and it makes reinforcement learning hard…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2020-03-03 Yiyan Chen , Li Tao , Xueting Wang , Toshihiko Yamasaki

While reinforcement learning (RL) can empower autonomous agents by enabling self-improvement through interaction, its practical adoption remains challenging due to costly rollouts, limited task diversity, unreliable reward signals, and…

Large Language Model (LLM) agents have shown strong results on multi-turn tool-use tasks, yet they operate in isolation during training, failing to leverage experiences accumulated across episodes. Existing experience-augmented methods…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-20 Prince Zizhuang Wang , Shuli Jiang

This paper presents a novel form of policy gradient for model-free reinforcement learning (RL) with improved exploration properties. Current policy-based methods use entropy regularization to encourage undirected exploration of the reward…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2017-03-17 Ofir Nachum , Mohammad Norouzi , Dale Schuurmans

Nonprehensile manipulation, such as pushing objects across cluttered environments, presents a challenging control problem due to complex contact dynamics and long-horizon planning requirements. In this work, we propose HeRD, a hierarchical…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2025-12-12 Steven Caro , Stephen L. Smith

Learning to imitate expert behavior from demonstrations can be challenging, especially in environments with high-dimensional, continuous observations and unknown dynamics. Supervised learning methods based on behavioral cloning (BC) suffer…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-09-27 Siddharth Reddy , Anca D. Dragan , Sergey Levine

Reward-based optimization algorithms require both exploration, to find rewards, and exploitation, to maximize performance. The need for efficient exploration is even more significant in sparse reward settings, in which performance feedback…

神经与进化计算 · 计算机科学 2021-04-19 Giuseppe Paolo , Alexandre Coninx , Stephane Doncieux , Alban Laflaquière

A common challenge in reinforcement learning is how to convert the agent's interactions with an environment into fast and robust learning. For instance, earlier work makes use of domain knowledge to improve existing reinforcement learning…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-04-01 Yannis Flet-Berliac , Philippe Preux

In this paper, we propose a novel technique, Back-stepping Experience Replay (BER), that is compatible with arbitrary off-policy reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms. BER aims to enhance learning efficiency in systems with approximate…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2024-09-25 Xinda Qi , Dong Chen , Zhaojian Li , Xiaobo Tan