相关论文: Spatial densities of momentum and forces in spin-o…

In this work, we find the light front densities for momentum and forces, including pressure and shear forces, within hadrons. This is achieved by deriving relativistically correct expressions relating these densities to the gravitational…

We clarify the meaning of spatial densities of hadrons. A physical density is given by the expectation value of a local operator for a physical state, and depends on both internal structure and the hadron's wave packet. In some particular…

We obtain two-dimensional relativistic densities and currents of energy and momentum in a proton at rest. These densities are obtained at surfaces of fixed light front time, which physically corresponds to using an alternative…

The use of light front coordinates allows a fully relativistic description of a hadron's spatial densities to be obtained. These densities must be two-dimensional and transverse to a chosen spatial direction. We explore their relationship…

We summarize recent works on the question of the nucleon mass decomposition and the 2D relativistic distribution of pressure forces on the light front. All these mechanical properties are encoded in the energy-momentum tensor of the system…

We provide the complete decomposition of the local gauge-invariant energy-momentum tensor for spin-1 hadrons, including non-conserved terms for the individual parton flavors and antisymmetric contributions originating from intrinsic spin.…

We examine the spatial density within extended objects of the momentum component $p^+$, and find relativistically exact connections to Fourier transforms of gravitational form factors. We apply these results to obtain semi-empirical…

We study the energy-momentum tensor of spin-$0$ and spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ hadrons in momentum space. We parametrize this object in terms of so-called gravitational transverse-momentum distributions, and we identify in the quark sector the…

The matrix elements of the electromagnetic current and the energy-momentum tensor for sharply localized states of spin-1 systems are considered. Their interpretation as local spatial densities of various characteristics of the considered…

The light front densities of momentum, angular momentum, and intrinsic pressure are calculated for the photon, both in the free case and at leading order in quantum electrodynamics. In the latter case, we moreover decompose the form factors…

We clarify the physical origin and meaning of the two-dimensional relativistic densities of the light front formalism. The densities are shown to originate entirely from the use of light front time instead of instant form time, which…

Light front formalism for composite systems is presented. Derivation of equations for bound state and scattering problems are given. Methods of constructing of elastic form factors and scattering amplitudes of composite particles are…

We show that the matrix element of a local operator between hadronic states gives rise to an unambiguous definition of the associated spatial density. As an explicit example, we consider the charge density of a spinless particle in the rest…

The impact of unitarity is considered in different approaches to saturation in impact-parameter space. The energy and momentum-transfer dependence of the total and differential cross sections and of the ratio of the real to imaginary parts…

Everything gravitates and they do so through the energy-momentum tensor (EMT). However, there is no consensus on how to define the EMT of a hadron, e.g. the proton, the fundamental building blocks of the visible world. In this work, we show…

We review some of the recent developments regarding mass, angular momentum and pressure forces inside hadrons. These properties are all encoded in the energy-momentum tensor of the system, which is described at the non-perturbative level in…

The definition of local spatial densities by using sharply localized one-particle states is applied to spin-3/2 systems. Matrix elements of the electromagnetic current and the energy-momentum tensor are considered and integral expressions…

Two classes of jet correlations in hot and dense matter are explored. Correlations between very high transverse momentum hadrons within a jet sample the gluon density of the medium, where, the minimal modification on the same side as the…

The deuteron is considered as a superposition of two-nucleon Fock states with the invariant mass depending on the relative momentum in a proton-neutron pair. The condition of the transversality of the polarization vectors should be imposed…

The matter density distribution inside a hadron is evaluated using gauge-invariant correlation functions within the quenched and the unquenched theory. Comparison with the charge density distribution suggests that hadron deformation is a…