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Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is important for deploying machine learning models in the real world, where test data from shifted distributions can naturally arise. While a plethora of algorithmic approaches have recently emerged for…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-12-03 Peyman Morteza , Yixuan Li

The reliability of artificial intelligence (AI) systems in open-world settings depends heavily on their ability to flag out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs unseen during training. Recent advances in large-scale vision-language models (VLMs)…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-14 Faizul Rakib Sayem , Shahana Ibrahim

The training and test data for deep-neural-network-based classifiers are usually assumed to be sampled from the same distribution. When part of the test samples are drawn from a distribution that is sufficiently far away from that of the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-12-14 Yinan Wang , Wenbo Sun , Jionghua "Judy" Jin , Zhenyu "James" Kong , Xiaowei Yue

This paper presents a principled approach for detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) samples in deep neural networks (DNN). Modeling probability distributions on deep features has recently emerged as an effective, yet computationally cheap…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-12-09 Ibrahima Ndiour , Nilesh Ahuja , Omesh Tickoo

Deep learning models often exhibit overconfidence in predicting out-of-distribution (OOD) data, underscoring the crucial role of OOD detection in ensuring reliability in predictions. Among various OOD detection approaches, post-hoc…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-11-28 Naveen Karunanayake , Suranga Seneviratne , Sanjay Chawla

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is concerned with identifying data points that do not belong to the same distribution as the model's training data. For the safe deployment of predictive models in a real-world environment, it is critical…

声音 · 计算机科学 2023-02-28 Zaharah Bukhsh , Aaqib Saeed

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is a crucial part of deploying machine learning models safely. It has been extensively studied with a plethora of methods developed in the literature. This problem is tackled with an OOD score…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-01-19 Jingqiu Zhou , Aojun Zhou , Hongsheng Li

We present a theory for the construction of out-of-distribution (OOD) detection features for neural networks. We introduce random features for OOD through a novel information-theoretic loss functional consisting of two terms, the first…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-18 Sudeepta Mondal , Zhuolin Jiang , Ganesh Sundaramoorthi

For a machine learning model deployed in real world scenarios, the ability of detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) samples is indispensable and challenging. Most existing OOD detection methods focused on exploring advanced training skills or…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-02-16 Chao Chen , Zhihang Fu , Kai Liu , Ze Chen , Mingyuan Tao , Jieping Ye

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is crucial for the deployment of machine learning models in the open world. While existing OOD detectors are effective in identifying OOD samples that deviate significantly from in-distribution (ID) data,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-12-10 Hao Fu , Prashanth Krishnamurthy , Siddharth Garg , Farshad Khorrami

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is critical for safety-sensitive machine learning applications and has been extensively studied, yielding a plethora of methods developed in the literature. However, most studies for OOD detection did not…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-10-13 Atsuyuki Miyai , Qing Yu , Go Irie , Kiyoharu Aizawa

Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) data is a task that is receiving an increasing amount of research attention in the domain of deep learning for computer vision. However, the performance of detection methods is generally evaluated on the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-03-15 Guoxuan Xia , Christos-Savvas Bouganis

Out-of-distribution (OOD) data poses serious challenges in deployed machine learning models as even subtle changes could incur significant performance drops. Being able to estimate a model's performance on test data is important in practice…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-02-13 Yuzhe Lu , Zhenlin Wang , Runtian Zhai , Soheil Kolouri , Joseph Campbell , Katia Sycara

Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs during the inference stage is crucial for deploying neural networks in the real world. Previous methods commonly relied on the output of a network derived from the highly activated feature map. In…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-03-03 Yeonguk Yu , Sungho Shin , Seongju Lee , Changhyun Jun , Kyoobin Lee

Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection is essential for the trustworthiness of AI systems. Methods using prior information (i.e., subspace-based methods) have shown effective performance by extracting information geometry to detect OOD data…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-06-25 Kaiyu Guo , Zijian Wang , Tan Pan , Brian C. Lovell , Mahsa Baktashmotlagh

Modern neural networks are very powerful predictive models, but they are often incapable of recognizing when their predictions may be wrong. Closely related to this is the task of out-of-distribution detection, where a network must…

机器学习 · 统计学 2018-02-15 Terrance DeVries , Graham W. Taylor

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is crucial for deploying robust and reliable machine-learning systems in open-world settings. Despite steady advances in OOD detectors, their interplay with modern training pipelines that maximize…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-01-19 Gerhard Krumpl , Henning Avenhaus , Horst Possegger

Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) data is a fundamental challenge in the deployment of machine learning models. From a security standpoint, this is particularly important because OOD test data can result in misleadingly confident yet…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-25 Onat Gungor , Amanda Sofie Rios , Nilesh Ahuja , Tajana Rosing

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection remains challenging for deep learning models, particularly when test-time OOD samples differ significantly from training outliers. We propose OODD, a novel test-time OOD detection method that dynamically…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-03-14 Yifeng Yang , Lin Zhu , Zewen Sun , Hengyu Liu , Qinying Gu , Nanyang Ye

The crux of effective out-of-distribution (OOD) detection lies in acquiring a robust in-distribution (ID) representation, distinct from OOD samples. While previous methods predominantly leaned on recognition-based techniques for this…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-01-08 Jingyao Li , Pengguang Chen , Shaozuo Yu , Shu Liu , Jiaya Jia