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Encoder-decoder models have made great progress on handwritten mathematical expression recognition recently. However, it is still a challenge for existing methods to assign attention to image features accurately. Moreover, those…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2021-05-18 Wenqi Zhao , Liangcai Gao , Zuoyu Yan , Shuai Peng , Lin Du , Ziyin Zhang

Handwritten mathematical expression recognition (HMER) is an important research direction in handwriting recognition. The performance of HMER suffers from the two-dimensional structure of mathematical expressions (MEs). To address this…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2020-07-21 Zhe Li , Lianwen Jin , Songxuan Lai , Yecheng Zhu

Handwritten mathematical expression recognition (HMER) is challenging in image-to-text tasks due to the complex layouts of mathematical expressions and suffers from problems including over-parsing and under-parsing. To solve these, previous…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-03-06 Yutian Liu , Wenjun Ke , Jianguo Wei

Handwritten Mathematical Expression Recognition (HMER) methods have made remarkable progress, with most existing HMER approaches based on either a hybrid CNN/RNN-based with GRU architecture or Transformer architectures. Each of these has…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-08-21 Kehua Chen , Haoyang Shen , Lifan Zhong , Mingyi Chen

Handwritten mathematical expression recognition is a challenging problem due to the complicated two-dimensional structures, ambiguous handwriting input and variant scales of handwritten math symbols. To settle this problem, we utilize the…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2018-02-01 Jianshu Zhang , Jun Du , Lirong Dai

Recently, Handwritten Mathematical Expression Recognition (HMER) has gained considerable attention in pattern recognition for its diverse applications in document understanding. Current methods typically approach HMER as an…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-07-17 Chenyu Liu , Jia Pan , Jinshui Hu , Baocai Yin , Bing Yin , Mingjun Chen , Cong Liu , Jun Du , Qingfeng Liu

The portrait matting task aims to extract an alpha matte with complete semantics and finely-detailed contours. In comparison to CNN-based approaches, transformers with self-attention module have a better capacity to capture long-range…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-12-04 Zitao Wang , Qiguang Miao , Peipei Zhao , Yue Xi

In this study, we present a novel end-to-end approach based on the encoder-decoder framework with the attention mechanism for online handwritten mathematical expression recognition (OHMER). First, the input two-dimensional ink trajectory…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2017-12-13 Jianshu Zhang , Jun Du , Lirong Dai

Handwritten Mathematical Expression Recognition (HMER) has extensive applications in automated grading and office automation. However, existing sequence-based decoding methods, which directly predict $\LaTeX$ sequences, struggle to…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-12-12 Jianhua Zhu , Wenqi Zhao , Yu Li , Xingjian Hu , Liangcai Gao

Handwritten Mathematical Expression Recognition (HMER) has wide applications in human-machine interaction scenarios, such as digitized education and automated offices. Recently, sequence-based models with encoder-decoder architectures have…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-07-11 Tongkun Guan , Chengyu Lin , Wei Shen , Xiaokang Yang

Offline Handwritten Mathematical Expression Recognition (HMER) is a major area in the field of mathematical expression recognition. Offline HMER is often viewed as a much harder problem as compared to online HMER due to a lack of temporal…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2022-08-23 Ujjwal Thakur , Anuj Sharma

Attention mechanism has enhanced state-of-the-art Neural Machine Translation (NMT) by jointly learning to align and translate. It tends to ignore past alignment information, however, which often leads to over-translation and…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2016-08-09 Zhaopeng Tu , Zhengdong Lu , Yang Liu , Xiaohua Liu , Hang Li

Recently, most handwritten mathematical expression recognition (HMER) methods adopt the encoder-decoder networks, which directly predict the markup sequences from formula images with the attention mechanism. However, such methods may fail…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2022-07-26 Bohan Li , Ye Yuan , Dingkang Liang , Xiao Liu , Zhilong Ji , Jinfeng Bai , Wenyu Liu , Xiang Bai

Transformer models typically calculate attention matrices using dot products, which have limitations when capturing nonlinear relationships between embedding vectors. We propose Neural Attention, a technique that replaces dot products with…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-10 Andrew DiGiugno , Ausif Mahmood

Handwritten mathematical expression recognition aims to automatically generate LaTeX sequences from given images. Currently, attention-based encoder-decoder models are widely used in this task. They typically generate target sequences in a…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2022-02-24 Xiaohang Bian , Bo Qin , Xiaozhe Xin , Jianwu Li , Xuefeng Su , Yanfeng Wang

The task of recognising Handwritten Mathematical Expressions (HMER) is crucial in the fields of digital education and scholarly research. However, it is difficult to accurately determine the length and complex spatial relationships among…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-06-30 Aniket Pal , Krishna Pratap Singh

Abstract Meaning Representation parsing is a sentence-to-graph prediction task where target nodes are not explicitly aligned to sentence tokens. However, since graph nodes are semantically based on one or more sentence tokens, implicit…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2021-05-19 Jiawei Zhou , Tahira Naseem , Ramón Fernandez Astudillo , Radu Florian

Handwritten mathematical expression recognition (HMER) has attracted extensive attention recently. However, current methods cannot explicitly study the interactions between different symbols, which may fail when faced similar symbols. To…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-08-22 Zhuang Liu , Ye Yuan , Zhilong Ji , Jingfeng Bai , Xiang Bai

Handwritten Mathematical Expression Recognition (HMER) requires reasoning over diverse symbols and 2D structural layouts, yet autoregressive models struggle with exposure bias and syntactic inconsistency. We present a discrete diffusion…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-02-04 Takaya Kawakatsu , Ryo Ishiyama

Though early successes of Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) systems are attributed in part to the explicit modelling of the interaction between any two source and target units, e.g., alignment, the recent Neural Machine Translation…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2020-02-19 Yanyang Li , Qiang Wang , Tong Xiao , Tongran Liu , Jingbo Zhu
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