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Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection aims to identify OOD data based on representations extracted from well-trained deep models. However, existing methods largely ignore the reprogramming property of deep models and thus may not fully…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-10-28 Qizhou Wang , Feng Liu , Yonggang Zhang , Jing Zhang , Chen Gong , Tongliang Liu , Bo Han

As the use of machine learning continues to expand, the importance of ensuring its safety cannot be overstated. A key concern in this regard is the ability to identify whether a given sample is from the training distribution, or is an…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-08-11 Nicola Franco , Daniel Korth , Jeanette Miriam Lorenz , Karsten Roscher , Stephan Guennemann

Deep learning models are vulnerable to performance degradation when encountering out-of-distribution (OOD) images, potentially leading to misdiagnoses and compromised patient care. These shortcomings have led to great interest in the field…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-05-20 Lars Doorenbos , Raphael Sznitman , Pablo Márquez-Neila

It is an important problem in trustworthy machine learning to recognize out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs which are inputs unrelated to the in-distribution task. Many out-of-distribution detection methods have been suggested in recent years.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-06-22 Julian Bitterwolf , Alexander Meinke , Maximilian Augustin , Matthias Hein

Reliable out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is fundamental to implementing safer modern machine learning (ML) systems. In this paper, we introduce Igeood, an effective method for detecting OOD samples. Igeood applies to any pre-trained…

Reliable confidence estimation is a challenging yet fundamental requirement in many risk-sensitive applications. However, modern deep neural networks are often overconfident for their incorrect predictions, i.e., misclassified samples from…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-03-06 Fei Zhu , Xu-Yao Zhang , Zhen Cheng , Cheng-Lin Liu

Out-of-distribution detection (OOD) is a crucial technique for deploying machine learning models in the real world to handle the unseen scenarios. In this paper, we first propose a simple yet effective Neural Activation Prior (NAP) for OOD…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-05-27 Weilin Wan , Weizhong Zhang , Quan Zhou , Fan Yi , Cheng Jin

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is essential for ensuring the robustness of machine learning models by identifying samples that deviate from the training distribution. While traditional OOD detection has primarily focused on…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-11-14 Shawn Li , Huixian Gong , Hao Dong , Tiankai Yang , Zhengzhong Tu , Yue Zhao

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is essential for building reliable AI systems, as models that produce outputs for invalid inputs cannot be trusted. Although deep learning (DL) is often assumed to outperform traditional machine learning…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-05-21 Jihyeon Baek , Seunghoon Lee , Gitaek Kwon , Doohyun Park

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection ensures safe and reliable model deployment. Contemporary OOD algorithms using geometry projection can detect OOD or adversarial samples from clean in-distribution (ID) samples. However, this setting…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-08-26 Jeng-Lin Li , Ming-Ching Chang , Wei-Chao Chen

Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection, i.e., identifying whether an input is sampled from a novel distribution other than the training distribution, is a critical task for safely deploying machine learning systems in the open world. Recently,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-01-13 Feng Xue , Zi He , Chuanlong Xie , Falong Tan , Zhenguo Li

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection plays a crucial role in ensuring the safe deployment of deep neural network (DNN) classifiers. While a myriad of methods have focused on improving the performance of OOD detectors, a critical gap remains…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-06-07 Jihye Choi , Jayaram Raghuram , Ryan Feng , Jiefeng Chen , Somesh Jha , Atul Prakash

Deep neural networks often face generalization problems to handle out-of-distribution (OOD) data, and there remains a notable theoretical gap between the contributing factors and their respective impacts. Literature evidence from…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-04-24 Songming Zhang , Yuxiao Luo , Qizhou Wang , Haoang Chi , Xiaofeng Chen , Bo Han , Jinyan Li

Graph-level representation learning is important in a wide range of applications. Existing graph-level models are generally built on i.i.d. assumption for both training and testing graphs. However, in an open world, models can encounter…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-07-19 Zhihao Ding , Jieming Shi , Shiqi Shen , Xuequn Shang , Jiannong Cao , Zhipeng Wang , Zhi Gong

While reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms have been successfully applied across numerous sequential decision-making problems, their generalization to unforeseen testing environments remains a significant concern. In this paper, we study…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-04-11 Linas Nasvytis , Kai Sandbrink , Jakob Foerster , Tim Franzmeyer , Christian Schroeder de Witt

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection remains a fundamental challenge for deep neural networks, particularly due to overconfident predictions on unseen OOD samples during testing. We reveal a key insight: OOD samples predicted as the same…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-01-21 Yanqi Wu , Qichao Chen , Runhe Lai , Xinhua Lu , Jia-Xin Zhuang , Zhilin Zhao , Wei-Shi Zheng , Ruixuan Wang

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is a rapidly growing field due to new robustness and security requirements driven by an increased number of AI-based systems. Existing OOD textual detectors often rely on an anomaly score (e.g.,…

The crux of effective out-of-distribution (OOD) detection lies in acquiring a robust in-distribution (ID) representation, distinct from OOD samples. While previous methods predominantly leaned on recognition-based techniques for this…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-01-08 Jingyao Li , Pengguang Chen , Shaozuo Yu , Shu Liu , Jiaya Jia

Novelty detection aims to automatically identify out-of-distribution (OOD) data, without any prior knowledge of them. It is a critical step in data monitoring, behavior analysis and other applications, helping enable continual learning in…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-12-21 Jingbo Sun , Li Yang , Jiaxin Zhang , Frank Liu , Mahantesh Halappanavar , Deliang Fan , Yu Cao

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is the problem of identifying inputs which are unrelated to the in-distribution task. The OOD detection performance when the in-distribution (ID) is ImageNet-1K is commonly being tested on a small range…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-06-02 Julian Bitterwolf , Maximilian Müller , Matthias Hein