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Zeroth-order (ZO) optimization is indispensable for complex non-convex tasks where explicit gradients are computationally prohibitive or strictly inaccessible. For deploying ZO methods over distributed heterogeneous networks, the gradient…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2026-04-24 Yanxu Su , Xiaorui Tong , Changyin Sun

In this paper, we design and analyze a new zeroth-order online algorithm, namely, the zeroth-order online alternating direction method of multipliers (ZOO-ADMM), which enjoys dual advantages of being gradient-free operation and employing…

机器学习 · 统计学 2018-02-20 Sijia Liu , Jie Chen , Pin-Yu Chen , Alfred O. Hero

Zeroth-order (a.k.a, derivative-free) methods are a class of effective optimization methods for solving complex machine learning problems, where gradients of the objective functions are not available or computationally prohibitive.…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2023-12-12 Feihu Huang , Shangqian Gao , Jian Pei , Heng Huang

Zeroth-order optimization aims to minimize an objective function using only function evaluations, and is therefore fundamental in black-box optimization, hyperparameter tuning, bandit learning, and adversarial machine learning. While…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2026-04-28 Haishan Ye

We propose Zeroth-Order Random Matrix Search for Learning from Demonstrations (ZORMS-LfD). ZORMS-LfD enables the costs, constraints, and dynamics of constrained optimal control problems, in both continuous and discrete time, to be learned…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-24 Olivia Dry , Timothy L. Molloy , Wanxin Jin , Iman Shames

Commonly used caching policies, such as LRU (Least Recently Used) or LFU (Least Frequently Used), exhibit optimal performance only under specific traffic patterns. Even advanced machine learning-based methods, which detect patterns in…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-06-18 Damiano Carra , Giovanni Neglia

Bandit convex optimization (BCO) is a fundamental online learning framework with partial feedback, where the learner observes only the loss incurred at the chosen decision point in each round. In this work, we investigate whether optimistic…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-22 Shuche Wang , Adarsh Barik , Vincent Y. F. Tan

As the size of large language models grows exponentially, GPU memory has become a bottleneck for adapting these models to downstream tasks. In this paper, we aim to push the limits of memory-efficient training by minimizing memory usage on…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-13 Sifeng Shang , Jiayi Zhou , Chenyu Lin , Minxian Li , Kaiyang Zhou

Classical optimization theory establishes that zeroth-order (ZO) algorithms suffer from a dimension-dependent slowdown, with convergence rates typically scaling with the model dimension compared to first-order methods. However, in contrast…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-06 Zhe Li , Bicheng Ying , Zidong Liu , Haibo Yang

Zeroth-order (ZO) methods are widely used when gradients are unavailable or prohibitively expensive, including black-box learning and memory-efficient fine-tuning of large models, yet their optimization dynamics in deep learning remain…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-17 Minhak Song , Liang Zhang , Bingcong Li , Niao He , Michael Muehlebach , Sewoong Oh

In this work we introduce a conditional accelerated lazy stochastic gradient descent algorithm with optimal number of calls to a stochastic first-order oracle and convergence rate $O\left(\frac{1}{\varepsilon^2}\right)$ improving over the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2018-02-19 Guanghui Lan , Sebastian Pokutta , Yi Zhou , Daniel Zink

In this paper we propose several adaptive gradient methods for stochastic optimization. Unlike AdaGrad-type of methods, our algorithms are based on Armijo-type line search and they simultaneously adapt to the unknown Lipschitz constant of…

We prove the familiar Lazy Online Gradient Descent algorithm is universal on polytope domains. That means it gets $O(1)$ pseudo-regret against i.i.d opponents, while simultaneously achieving the well-known $O(\sqrt N)$ worst-case regret…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-09-01 Daron Anderson , Douglas Leith

In this work, we develop first-order (Hessian-free) and zero-order (derivative-free) implementations of the Cubically regularized Newton method for solving general non-convex optimization problems. For that, we employ finite difference…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2023-09-06 Nikita Doikov , Geovani Nunes Grapiglia

In this letter, we first propose a \underline{Z}eroth-\underline{O}rder c\underline{O}ordinate \underline{M}ethod~(ZOOM) to solve the stochastic optimization problem over a decentralized network with only zeroth-order~(ZO) oracle feedback…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2022-10-11 Shengjun Zhang , Tan Shen , Hongwei Sun , Yunlong Dong , Dong Xie , Heng Zhang

Incentive-based load curtailment unlocks critical demand-side flexibility but is hindered by the limited knowledge of private user parameters and the inherent nonsmoothness of responses due to physical device constraints. We address this…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2026-05-27 Zhisen Jiang , Florian Dörfler , Saverio Bolognani

We propose a new framework for analyzing zeroth-order optimization (ZOO) from the perspective of \emph{oblivious randomized sketching}.In this framework, commonly used gradient estimators in ZOO-such as finite difference (FD) and random…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2025-10-14 Haishan Ye , Xiangyu Chang , Xi Chen

Zeroth-order (ZO) fine-tuning is attractive for large language models because it replaces backpropagation with forward objective evaluations. Existing implementations nevertheless execute ZO algorithms inside conventional training loops,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-28 Zelin Li , Caiwen Ding

Classically, the time complexity of a first-order method is estimated by its number of gradient computations. In this paper, we study a more refined complexity by taking into account the `lingering' of gradients: once a gradient is computed…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2019-05-29 Zeyuan Allen-Zhu , David Simchi-Levi , Xinshang Wang

Fine-tuning LLMs is necessary for various dedicated downstream tasks, but classic backpropagation-based fine-tuning methods require substantial GPU memory. To this end, a recent work, MeZO, which relies solely on forward passes to fine-tune…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-04 Zhijie Cai , Haolong Chen , Guangxu Zhu