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We propose a Multi-Instance-Learning (MIL) approach for weakly-supervised learning problems, where a training set is formed by bags (sets of feature vectors or instances) and only labels at bag-level are provided. Specifically, we consider…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2018-07-04 Adria Ruiz , Ognjen Rudovic , Xavier Binefa , Maja Pantic

In this paper, we address the Multi-Instance-Learning (MIL) problem when bag labels are naturally represented as ordinal variables (Multi--Instance--Ordinal Regression). Moreover, we consider the case where bags are temporal sequences of…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2016-09-07 Adria Ruiz , Ognjen Rudovic , Xavier Binefa , Maja Pantic

Weakly supervised instance labeling using only image-level labels, in lieu of expensive fine-grained pixel annotations, is crucial in several applications including medical image analysis. In contrast to conventional instance segmentation…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2019-07-31 Jayaraman J. Thiagarajan , Satyananda Kashyap , Alexandros Karagyris

When applying multi-instance learning (MIL) to make predictions for bags of instances, the prediction accuracy of an instance often depends on not only the instance itself but also its context in the corresponding bag. From the viewpoint of…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2022-04-25 Tiancheng Lin , Hongteng Xu , Canqian Yang , Yi Xu

Weakly-supervised temporal action localization aims to localize and recognize actions in untrimmed videos with only video-level category labels during training. Without instance-level annotations, most existing methods follow the…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-05-30 Huan Ren , Wenfei Yang , Tianzhu Zhang , Yongdong Zhang

Multiple instance learning (MIL) is a variation of supervised learning where a single class label is assigned to a bag of instances. In this paper, we state the MIL problem as learning the Bernoulli distribution of the bag label where the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2018-06-29 Maximilian Ilse , Jakub M. Tomczak , Max Welling

Weakly supervised multiple instance learning (MIL) is a challenging task given that only bag-level labels are provided, while each bag typically contains multiple instances. This topic has been extensively studied in histopathological image…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-08-01 Bodong Zhang , Hamid Manoochehri , Xiwen Li , Beatrice S. Knudsen , Tolga Tasdizen

In the supervised learning setting termed Multiple-Instance Learning (MIL), the examples are bags of instances, and the bag label is a function of the labels of its instances. Typically, this function is the Boolean OR. The learner observes…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2015-03-19 Sivan Sabato , Naftali Tishby

Multi-Instance Learning (MIL) is a recent machine learning paradigm which is immensely useful in various real-life applications, like image analysis, video anomaly detection, text classification, etc. It is well known that most of the…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-04-18 Yu-Xuan Zhang , Hua Meng , Xue-Mei Cao , Zhengchun Zhou , Mei Yang , Avik Ranjan Adhikary

Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) tasks impose a strict logical constraint: a bag is labeled positive if and only if at least one instance within it is positive. While this iff constraint aligns with many real-world applications, recent work…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-24 Ehsan Ahmed Dhrubo , Mohammad Mahmudul Alam , Edward Raff , Tim Oates , James Holt

Multiple Instance Learning is the predominant method for Whole Slide Image classification in digital pathology, enabling the use of slide-level labels to supervise model training. Although MIL eliminates the tedious fine-grained annotation…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-05-28 Chen Shu , Boyu Fu , Yiman Li , Ting Yin , Wenchuan Zhang , Jie Chen , Yuhao Yi , Hong Bu

Multiple instance learning (MIL) is concerned with learning from sets (bags) of objects (instances), where the individual instance labels are ambiguous. In this setting, supervised learning cannot be applied directly. Often, specialized MIL…

机器学习 · 统计学 2014-12-04 Veronika Cheplygina , David M. J. Tax , Marco Loog

In multiple instance multiple label learning, each sample, a bag, consists of multiple instances. To alleviate labeling complexity, each sample is associated with a set of bag-level labels leaving instances within the bag unlabeled. This…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-07-28 Tam Nguyen , Raviv Raich

Deep learning-based classification of rare anemia disorders is challenged by the lack of training data and instance-level annotations. Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) has shown to be an effective solution, yet it suffers from low accuracy…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-07-06 Salome Kazeminia , Ario Sadafi , Asya Makhro , Anna Bogdanova , Shadi Albarqouni , Carsten Marr

Multiple instance learning (MIL) stands as a powerful approach in weakly supervised learning, regularly employed in histological whole slide image (WSI) classification for detecting tumorous lesions. However, existing mainstream MIL methods…

图像与视频处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2024-07-08 Wenhui Zhu , Xiwen Chen , Peijie Qiu , Aristeidis Sotiras , Abolfazl Razi , Yalin Wang

Multiple instance learning (MIL) is a variation of traditional supervised learning problems where data (referred to as bags) are composed of sub-elements (referred to as instances) and only bag labels are available. MIL has a variety of…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2018-05-02 Han Bao , Tomoya Sakai , Issei Sato , Masashi Sugiyama

Various multi-instance learning (MIL) based approaches have been developed and successfully applied to whole-slide pathological images (WSI). Existing MIL methods emphasize the importance of feature aggregators, but largely neglect the…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-05-13 Yicheng Song , Tiancheng Lin , Die Peng , Su Yang , Yi Xu

Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) is a sub-domain of classification problems with positive and negative labels and a "bag" of inputs, where the label is positive if and only if a positive element is contained within the bag, and otherwise is…

机器学习 · 统计学 2023-10-30 Edward Raff , James Holt

Multi-Instance Learning (MIL) has shown impressive performance for histopathology whole slide image (WSI) analysis using bags or pseudo-bags. It involves instance sampling, feature representation, and decision-making. However, existing…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-03-14 Tingting Zheng , Kui Jiang , Hongxun Yao

In many review classification applications, a fine-grained analysis of the reviews is desirable, because different segments (e.g., sentences) of a review may focus on different aspects of the entity in question. However, training supervised…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-10-02 Giannis Karamanolakis , Daniel Hsu , Luis Gravano