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This paper demonstrates the potential for autonomous cyber defence to be applied on industrial control systems and provides a baseline environment to further explore Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning's (MARL) application to this problem…

Recent years have witnessed significant advances in reinforcement learning (RL), which has registered great success in solving various sequential decision-making problems in machine learning. Most of the successful RL applications, e.g.,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-04-30 Kaiqing Zhang , Zhuoran Yang , Tamer Başar

One of the challenges for multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) is designing efficient learning algorithms for a large system in which each agent has only limited or partial information of the entire system. While exciting progress has…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-02-22 Haotian Gu , Xin Guo , Xiaoli Wei , Renyuan Xu

One of the notorious issues for Reinforcement Learning (RL) is poor sample efficiency. Compared to single agent RL, the sample efficiency for Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) is more challenging because of its inherent partial…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-04-16 Linjie Xu , Zichuan Liu , Alexander Dockhorn , Diego Perez-Liebana , Jinyu Wang , Lei Song , Jiang Bian

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has emerged as a crucial method for training or fine-tuning large language models (LLMs), enabling adaptive, task-specific optimizations through interactive feedback. Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL), in…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-10 Junwei Su , Chuan Wu

Constrained multiagent reinforcement learning (C-MARL) is gaining importance as MARL algorithms find new applications in real-world systems ranging from energy systems to drone swarms. Most C-MARL algorithms use a primal-dual approach to…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2023-04-28 Daniel Tabas , Ahmed S. Zamzam , Baosen Zhang

In the last decade, there have been significant advances in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) but there are still numerous challenges, such as high sample complexity and slow convergence to stable policies, that need to be overcome…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2023-03-02 Sriram Ganapathi Subramanian , Matthew E. Taylor , Kate Larson , Mark Crowley

Reinforcement learning (RL) has been an important machine learning paradigm for solving long-horizon sequential decision-making problems under uncertainty. By integrating deep neural networks (DNNs) into the RL framework, deep reinforcement…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-14 Qizhou Peng , Yang Zheng , Yu Wen , Yanna Wu , Yingying Du

Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) is central to robotic systems cooperating in dynamic environments. While prior work has focused on these collaborative settings, adversarial interactions are equally critical for real-world…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-03 Isaac Peterson , Christopher Allred , Jacob Morrey , Mario Harper

Cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has been an increasingly important research topic in the last half-decade because of its great potential for real-world applications. Because of the curse of dimensionality, the popular…

多智能体系统 · 计算机科学 2024-04-05 Weizhe Chen , Sven Koenig , Bistra Dilkina

Recent studies have shown that cooperative multi-agent deep reinforcement learning (c-MADRL) is under the threat of backdoor attacks. Once a backdoor trigger is observed, it will perform malicious actions leading to failures or malicious…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-07-21 Jing Fang , Saihao Yan , Xueyu Yin , Yinbo Yu , Chunwei Tian , Jiajia Liu

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has emerged as a useful approach to solving decentralised decision-making problems at scale. Research in the field has been growing steadily with many breakthrough algorithms proposed in recent…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-09-22 Rihab Gorsane , Omayma Mahjoub , Ruan de Kock , Roland Dubb , Siddarth Singh , Arnu Pretorius

In real-world environments, autonomous agents rely on their egocentric observations. They must learn adaptive strategies to interact with others who possess mixed motivations, discernible only through visible cues. Several Multi-Agent…

多智能体系统 · 计算机科学 2023-12-15 Violet Xiang , Logan Cross , Jan-Philipp Fränken , Nick Haber

Reinforcement learning (RL) has been widely adopted for controlling and optimizing complex engineering systems such as next-generation wireless networks. An important challenge in adopting RL is the need for direct access to the physical…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-11-19 Eslam Eldeeb , Houssem Sifaou , Osvaldo Simeone , Mohammad Shehab , Hirley Alves

Multi-agent Reinforcement learning (MARL) studies the behaviour of multiple learning agents that coexist in a shared environment. MARL is more challenging than single-agent RL because it involves more complex learning dynamics: the…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2023-04-26 Roger Creus Castanyer

As space becomes increasingly crowded and contested, robust autonomous capabilities for multi-agent environments are gaining critical importance. Current autonomous systems in space primarily rely on optimization-based path planning or…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2026-04-21 Cameron Mehlman , Gregory Falco

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has become an appealing solution to algorithmic trading such as high frequency trading of stocks and cyptocurrencies. However, DRL have been shown to be susceptible to adversarial attacks. It follows that…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-10-24 Yaser Faghan , Nancirose Piazza , Vahid Behzadan , Ali Fathi

Reliant on too many experiments to learn good actions, current Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms have limited applicability in real-world settings, which can be too expensive to allow exploration. We propose an algorithm for batch RL,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-12-07 Rasool Fakoor , Jonas Mueller , Kavosh Asadi , Pratik Chaudhari , Alexander J. Smola

Cooperative Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) is crucial for cooperative decentralized decision learning in many domains such as search and rescue, drone surveillance, package delivery and fire fighting problems. In these domains, a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-01-23 Rajiv Ranjan Kumar , Pradeep Varakantham

Communication is important in many multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) problems for agents to share information and make good decisions. However, when deploying trained communicative agents in a real-world application where noise and…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-07-05 Yanchao Sun , Ruijie Zheng , Parisa Hassanzadeh , Yongyuan Liang , Soheil Feizi , Sumitra Ganesh , Furong Huang