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The heavy element content of giant exoplanets, inferred from structure models based on their radius and mass, often exceeds predictions based on classical core accretion. Pebble drift, coupled with volatile evaporation, has been proposed as…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2026-01-28 Barry O'Donovan , Bertram Bitsch

One of the current challenges of planet formation theory is to explain the enrichment of observed exoplanetary atmospheres. Past studies have focused on scenarios where either pebbles or planetesimals were the heavy element enrichment's…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2023-11-08 Claudia Danti , Bertram Bitsch , Jingyi Mah

Atmospheric compositions for rocky exoplanets will depend strongly on the bulk planetary composition and the orbital position of the planet. Non-traditional gases may be present in the atmospheres of exceptionally hot planets. Atmospheres…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2021-08-20 Laura Schaefer , Vivien Parmentier

Atmospheric composition of exoplanets is often considered as a probe of the planet's formation condition. How exactly the initial chemical memory may be altered from the birth to the final state of the planet, however, remains unknown.…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2024-10-08 Emilia Vlahos , Yayaati Chachan , Vincent Savignac , Eve J. Lee

Atmospheric chemical abundances of giant planets lead to important constraints on planetary formation and migration. Studies have shown that giant planets that migrate through the protoplanetary disk can accrete substantial amounts of…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2017-06-28 Nikku Madhusudhan , Bertram Bitsch , Anders Johansen , Linn Eriksson

Characterizing the atmospheres of extrasolar planets is the new frontier in exoplanetary science. The last two decades of exoplanet discoveries have revealed that exoplanets are very common and extremely diverse in their orbital and bulk…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2016-06-01 Nikku Madhusudhan , Marcelino Agúndez , Julianne I. Moses , Yongyun Hu

A substantial number of super-Earths have been discovered, and atmospheres of transiting super-Earths have also been observed by transmission spectroscopy. Several lines of observational evidence indicate that most super-Earths do not…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2020-04-15 Masahiro Ogihara , Yasunori Hori

Extensive ground and space based surveys have now characterized the properties of thousands of exoplanets; their radii, masses, orbits around their host stars, and the beginnings of accurate measurements of the chemical compositions of…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2025-05-30 Ralph E. Pudritz , Alex J. Cridland , Julie Inglis , Mathew Alessi

Past studies have revealed the dependency of the disc parameters (mass, radius, viscosity, grain fragmentation velocity, dust-to-gas ratio) on the formation of giant planets, where more massive discs seem beneficial for giant planet…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2026-03-18 Angie Daniela Guzmán Franco , Sofia Savvidou , Bertram Bitsch

Context. The crust composition of rocky exoplanets with a substantial atmosphere can not be observed directly. However, recent developments start to allow the observation and characterisation of their atmospheres. Aims. We aim to establish…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2025-07-02 Oliver Herbort , Leon Sereinig

Determining the atmospheric structure and chemical composition of an exoplanet remains a formidable goal. Fortunately, advancements in the study of exoplanets and their atmospheres have come in the form of direct imaging - spatially…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2013-03-15 Quinn M. Konopacky , Travis S. Barman , Bruce A. Macintosh , Christian Marois

Over the last twenty years, the search for extrasolar planets revealed us the rich diversity of the outcomes of the formation and evolution of planetary systems. In order to fully understand how these extrasolar planets came to be, however,…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2014-06-17 D. Turrini , R. P. Nelson , M. Barbieri

Aims: The secondary atmospheres of terrestrial planets form and evolve as a consequence of interaction with the interior over geological time. We aim to quantify the influence of planetary bulk composition on the interior--atmosphere…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2020-11-04 Rob J. Spaargaren , Maxim D. Ballmer , Dan J. Bower , Caroline Dorn , Paul J. Tackley

Exoplanetary atmospheric retrieval refers to the inference of atmospheric properties of an exoplanet given an observed spectrum. The atmospheric properties include the chemical compositions, temperature profiles, clouds/hazes, and energy…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2018-12-05 Nikku Madhusudhan

The characterization of exoplanetary atmospheres has come of age in the last decade, as astronomical techniques now allow for albedos, chemical abundances, temperature profiles and maps, rotation periods and even wind speeds to be measured.…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2014-10-13 Kevin Heng , Adam P. Showman

This review is focused on describing the logic by which we make predictions of exoplanetary compositions and mineralogies, and how these processes could lead to compositional diversity among rocky exoplanets. We use these predictions to…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2024-04-25 Claire Marie Guimond , Haiyang Wang , Fabian Seidler , Paolo Sossi , Aprajit Mahajan , Oliver Shorttle

Exoplanetary science continues to excite and surprise with its rich diversity. We discuss here some key aspects potentially influencing the range of exoplanetary terrestrial-type atmospheres which could exist in nature. We are motivated by…

In protoplanetary disks, small mm-cm-sized pebbles drift inwards which can aid planetary growth and influence the chemical composition of their natal disks. Gaps in protoplanetary disks can hinder the effective inward transport of pebbles…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2024-10-30 Mark Eberlein , Bertram Bitsch , Ravit Helled

Exploring exoplanets has transformed our understanding of the universe by revealing many planetary systems that defy our current understanding. To study their atmospheres, spectroscopic observations are used to infer essential atmospheric…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2025-12-19 Flavio Giobergia , Alkis Koudounas , Elena Baralis

Studying exoplanet atmospheres is essential for assessing their potential to host liquid water and their capacity to support life (their habitability). Each atmosphere uniquely influences the likelihood of surface liquid water, defining the…

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