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Good quality explanations strengthen the understanding of language models and data. Feature attribution methods, such as Integrated Gradient, are a type of post-hoc explainer that can provide token-level insights. However, explanations on…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-21 Jonathan Kamp , Roos Bakker , Dominique Blok

Counterfactual explanations are an increasingly popular form of post hoc explanation due to their (i) applicability across problem domains, (ii) proposed legal compliance (e.g., with GDPR), and (iii) reliance on the contrastive nature of…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2023-03-17 Greta Warren , Mark T. Keane , Christophe Gueret , Eoin Delaney

Counterfactual Explanations are becoming a de-facto standard in post-hoc interpretable machine learning. For a given classifier and an instance classified in an undesired class, its counterfactual explanation corresponds to small…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-01-17 Veronica Piccialli , Dolores Romero Morales , Cecilia Salvatore

In recent years, Explainable AI (xAI) attracted a lot of attention as various countries turned explanations into a legal right. xAI allows for improving models beyond the accuracy metric by, e.g., debugging the learned pattern and…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2022-10-05 Mohamed Karim Belaid , Eyke Hüllermeier , Maximilian Rabus , Ralf Krestel

Since the early days of the Explainable AI movement, post-hoc explanations have been praised for their potential to improve user understanding, promote trust, and reduce patient safety risks in black box medical AI systems. Recently,…

人机交互 · 计算机科学 2026-02-06 Joshua Hatherley , Lauritz Munch , Jens Christian Bjerring

Explainable AI (XAI) aims to improve user understanding and decisions when using AI models. However, despite innovations in XAI, recent user evaluations reveal that this goal remains elusive. Understanding human cognition can help explain…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-01 Louth Bin Rawshan , Zhuoyu Wang , Brian Y. Lim

There have been several post-hoc explanation approaches developed to explain pre-trained black-box neural networks. However, there is still a gap in research efforts toward designing neural networks that are inherently explainable. In this…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2022-07-01 Subash Khanal , Benjamin Brodie , Xin Xing , Ai-Ling Lin , Nathan Jacobs

Saliency post-hoc explainability methods are important tools for understanding increasingly complex NLP models. While these methods can reflect the model's reasoning, they may not align with human intuition, making the explanations not…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-08-20 Lucas E. Resck , Marcos M. Raimundo , Jorge Poco

Explainable AI is an evolving area that deals with understanding the decision making of machine learning models so that these models are more transparent, accountable, and understandable for humans. In particular, post-hoc model-agnostic…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-07-04 Praharsh Nanavati , Ranjitha Prasad

As AI models become ever more complex and intertwined in humans' daily lives, greater levels of interactivity of explainable AI (XAI) methods are needed. In this paper, we propose the use of belief change theory as a formal foundation for…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-08-15 Antonio Rago , Maria Vanina Martinez

Explainable AI (XAI) has unfolded in two distinct research directions with, on the one hand, post-hoc methods that explain the predictions of a pre-trained black-box model and, on the other hand, self-explainable models (SEMs) which are…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-06-06 Srishti Gautam , Ahcene Boubekki , Marina M. C. Höhne , Michael C. Kampffmeyer

Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) has become increasingly important in decision-critical domains such as healthcare, finance, and law. Counterfactual (CF) explanations, a key approach in XAI, provide users with actionable insights…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-07-22 Volkan Bakir , Polat Goktas , Sureyya Akyuz

Post-hoc explanation methods for machine learning models have been widely used to support decision-making. One of the popular methods is Counterfactual Explanation (CE), also known as Actionable Recourse, which provides a user with a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-11-10 Kentaro Kanamori , Takuya Takagi , Ken Kobayashi , Yuichi Ike , Kento Uemura , Hiroki Arimura

Counterfactual explanations enhance interpretability by identifying alternative inputs that produce different outputs, offering localized insights into model decisions. However, traditional methods often neglect causal relationships,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-23 Pouria Fatemi , Ehsan Sharifian , Mohammad Hossein Yassaee

Although several post-hoc methods for explainable AI have been developed, most are static and neglect the user perspective, limiting their effectiveness for the target audience. In response, we developed the interactive explainable…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-06-27 Pauline Speckmann , Mario Nadj , Christian Janiesch

The recent enthusiasm for artificial intelligence (AI) is due principally to advances in deep learning. Deep learning methods are remarkably accurate, but also opaque, which limits their potential use in safety-critical applications. To…

Neural networks for NLP are becoming increasingly complex and widespread, and there is a growing concern if these models are responsible to use. Explaining models helps to address the safety and ethical concerns and is essential for…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-11-29 Andreas Madsen , Siva Reddy , Sarath Chandar

We often see the term explainable in the titles of papers that describe applications based on artificial intelligence (AI). However, the literature in explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) indicates that explanations in XAI are…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2023-08-30 Mallika Mainali , Rosina O Weber

Counterfactual explanations are a widely used approach in Explainable AI, offering actionable insights into decision-making by illustrating how small changes to input data can lead to different outcomes. Despite their importance, evaluating…

人机交互 · 计算机科学 2025-04-22 Marharyta Domnich , Rasmus Moorits Veski , Julius Välja , Kadi Tulver , Raul Vicente

Deep Learning has become a very valuable tool in different fields, and no one doubts the learning capacity of these models. Nevertheless, since Deep Learning models are often seen as black boxes due to their lack of interpretability, there…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-04-23 Jokin Labaien , Ekhi Zugasti , Xabier De Carlos