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A number of protoplanetary disks observed with ALMA potentially provide direct examples of initial conditions for planetary systems. In particular, the HL Tau disk has been intensively studied, and its rings/gaps are conventionally…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2020-03-19 Shijie Wang , Kazuhiro D. Kanagawa , Toshinori Hayashi , Yasushi Suto

Circumstellar disks are the sites of planet formation, and the very high incidence of extrasolar planets implies that most of them actually form planetary systems. Studying the structure and evolution of protoplanetary disks can thus place…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2016-02-03 Lucas A. Cieza

Transitional disks are protoplanetary disks with large and deep central holes in the gas, possibly carved by young planets. Dong, R., & Dawson, R. 2016, ApJ, 825, 7 simulated systems with multiple giant planets that were capable of carving…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2023-03-08 Rory Bowens , Andrew Shannon , Rebekah Dawson , Jiayin Dong

The disks that orbit young stars are the essential conduits and reservoirs of material for star and planet formation. Their structures, meaning the spatial variations of the disk physical conditions, reflect the underlying mechanisms that…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2020-11-11 Sean M. Andrews

Recent ALMA observations have identified a variety of dust gaps in protoplanetary disks, which are commonly interpreted to be generated by unobserved planets. Predicting mass of such embedded planets is of fundamental importance in…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2022-01-05 Shijie Wang , Kazuhiro D. Kanagawa , Yasushi Suto

New ALMA observations of protoplanetary disks allow us to probe planet formation in other systems, giving us new constraints on planet formation processes. Meanwhile, studies of our own Solar System rely on constraints derived in a…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2022-03-14 C. Bergez-Casalou , B. Bitsch , N. T. Kurtovic , P. Pinilla

We carry out three dimensional smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations to study the impact of planet-disc interactions on a gravitationally unstable protoplanetary disc. We find that the impact of a planet on the disc's evolution can be…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2022-11-01 Sahl Rowther , Rebecca Nealon , Farzana Meru

We investigate the possibility of mapping large-scale anti-cyclonic vortices, resulting from a global baroclinic instability, as pre-cursors of planet formation in proto-planetary disks with the planned Atacama Large Millimeter Array…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2009-11-07 Sebastian Wolf , Hubert Klahr

We use resistive magnetohydrodynamical simulations with the nested grid technique to study the formation of protoplanetary disks around protostars from molecular cloud cores that provide the realistic environments for planet formation. We…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2015-05-14 Shu-ichiro Inutsuka , Masahiro N. Machida , Tomoaki Matsumoto

Planets are supposed to form in circumstellar disks. The gravitational potential of a planet perturbs the disk and leads to characteristic structures, i.e. spiral waves and gaps, in the disk's density profile. We perform a large-scale…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2012-12-12 Jan Philipp Ruge , Sebastian Wolf , Ana L. Uribe , Hubert H. Klahr

We present the first results from simulations of processes leading to planet formation in protoplanetary disks with different metallicities. For a given metallicity, we construct a two-dimensional grid of disk models with different initial…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2009-11-10 Kacper Kornet , Peter Bodenheimer , Michal Rozyczka , Tomasz F. Stepinski

We study the evolution of a system consisting of two protoplanets still embedded in a protoplanetary disk. Results of two different numerical approaches are presented. In the first kind of model the motion of the disk material is followed…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2023-07-19 Willy Kley

Protoplanetary disks are quasi-steady structures whose evolution and dispersal determine the environment for planet formation. I review the theory of protoplanetary disk evolution and its connection to observations. Substantial progress has…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2011-08-25 Philip J. Armitage

As of today over 40 planetary systems have been discovered in binary star systems. In all cases the configuration appears to be circumstellar, where the planets orbit around one of the stars, the secondary acting as a perturber. The…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2015-05-14 Willy Kley

Planetary systems can evolve dynamically even after the planets themselves have fully formed, and there is circumstantial evidence that most planetary systems become unstable after the disappearance of the gaseous protoplanetary disk.…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2025-08-20 Antoine C. Petit , Gabriele Pichierri , Max Goldberg , Alessandro Morbidelli

Protoplanetary disks, which are the natural consequence of the gravitational collapse of the dense molecular cloud cores, host the formation of the known planetary systems in our universe. Substantial efforts have been dedicated to…

The canonical theory for planet formation in circumstellar disks proposes that planets are grown from initially much smaller seeds. The long-considered alternative theory proposes that giant protoplanets can be formed directly from…

How substructures and disk properties affect dust evolution and the delivery of solids and volatiles into planet-forming regions remains an open question. We present results from tailored dust evolution modeling of the AGE-PRO ALMA large…

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