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Inference with modern Large Language Models (LLMs) is expensive and slow, and speculative sampling has emerged as an effective solution to this problem, however, the number of the calls to the draft model for generating candidate tokens in…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-12-17 Junjie Ma , Jinlong Li

Aiming at efficient and dense chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning, latent reasoning methods fine-tune Large Language Models (LLMs) to substitute discrete language tokens with continuous latent tokens. These methods consume fewer tokens…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-01-30 Zhi Zheng , Wee Sun Lee

Token dropping is a recently-proposed strategy to speed up the pretraining of masked language models, such as BERT, by skipping the computation of a subset of the input tokens at several middle layers. It can effectively reduce the training…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-05-25 Qihuang Zhong , Liang Ding , Juhua Liu , Xuebo Liu , Min Zhang , Bo Du , Dacheng Tao

The reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) have improved substantially through increased test-time computation, typically in the form of intermediate tokens known as chain-of-thought (CoT). However, CoT often becomes…

Reinforcement Learning (RL)-based post-training has significantly advanced the complex reasoning capabilities of language models, fostering sophisticated self-reflection processes. However, this ``slow thinking'' paradigm presents a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-24 Xu Wan , Wei Wang , Wenyue Xu , Wotao Yin , Jie Song , Mingyang Sun

We introduce SetBERT, a fine-tuned BERT-based model designed to enhance query embeddings for set operations and Boolean logic queries, such as Intersection (AND), Difference (NOT), and Union (OR). SetBERT significantly improves retrieval…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-06-27 Quan Mai , Susan Gauch , Douglas Adams

Large pre-trained language models have recently gained significant traction due to their improved performance on various down-stream tasks like text classification and question answering, requiring only few epochs of fine-tuning. However,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-09-01 Souvik Kundu , Sharath Nittur Sridhar , Maciej Szankin , Sairam Sundaresan

Pre-trained models like BERT (Devlin et al., 2018) have dominated NLP / IR applications such as single sentence classification, text pair classification, and question answering. However, deploying these models in real systems is highly…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2021-05-06 Jiecao Chen , Liu Yang , Karthik Raman , Michael Bendersky , Jung-Jung Yeh , Yun Zhou , Marc Najork , Danyang Cai , Ehsan Emadzadeh

Transformer-based models, specifically BERT, have propelled research in various NLP tasks. However, these models are limited to a maximum token limit of 512 tokens. Consequently, this makes it non-trivial to apply it in a practical setting…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-11-01 Aman Jaiswal , Evangelos Milios

Recently, the development of pre-trained language models has brought natural language processing (NLP) tasks to the new state-of-the-art. In this paper we explore the efficiency of various pre-trained language models. We pre-train a list of…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-07-27 Tong Guo

Test-Time Scaling (TTS) improves the reasoning performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) by allocating additional compute during inference. We conduct a structured survey of TTS methods and categorize them into sampling-based,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-06 Ho-Lam Chung , Teng-Yun Hsiao , Hsiao-Ying Huang , Chunerh Cho , Jian-Ren Lin , Zhang Ziwei , Yun-Nung Chen

Connectionist temporal classification (CTC) -based models are attractive because of their fast inference in automatic speech recognition (ASR). Language model (LM) integration approaches such as shallow fusion and rescoring can improve the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-09-07 Hayato Futami , Hirofumi Inaguma , Masato Mimura , Shinsuke Sakai , Tatsuya Kawahara

Long-context inference for Large Language Models (LLMs) is heavily limited by high computational demands. While several existing methods optimize attention computation, they still process the full set of hidden states at each layer,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-11-25 Lingkun Long , Rubing Yang , Yushi Huang , Desheng Hui , Ao Zhou , Jianlei Yang

Pre-trained contextual language models such as BERT, GPT, and XLnet work quite well for document retrieval tasks. Such models are fine-tuned based on the query-document/query-passage level relevance labels to capture the ranking signals.…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2023-12-07 Koustav Rudra , Zeon Trevor Fernando , Avishek Anand

Pre-trained language models have shown remarkable results on various NLP tasks. Nevertheless, due to their bulky size and slow inference speed, it is hard to deploy them on edge devices. In this paper, we have a critical insight that…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2021-09-17 Chenhe Dong , Guangrun Wang , Hang Xu , Jiefeng Peng , Xiaozhe Ren , Xiaodan Liang

The goal of this paper is to accelerate codec-based speech synthesis systems with minimum sacrifice to speech quality. We propose an enhanced inference method that allows for flexible trade-offs between speed and quality during inference…

Self-attention-based transformer models have achieved tremendous success in the domain of natural language processing. Despite their efficacy, accelerating the transformer is challenging due to its quadratic computational complexity and…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2023-05-02 Shikhar Tuli , Niraj K. Jha

Adaptive gradient methods, such as Adam and LAMB, have demonstrated excellent performance in the training of large language models. Nevertheless, the need for adaptivity requires maintaining second-moment estimates of the per-parameter…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-08-08 Yang Luo , Xiaozhe Ren , Zangwei Zheng , Zhuo Jiang , Xin Jiang , Yang You

Fine-tuning pretrained ASR models for specific domains is challenging for small organizations with limited labeled data and computational resources. Here, we explore different data selection pipelines and propose a robust approach that…

The inference of large language models imposes significant computational workloads, often requiring the processing of billions of parameters. Although early-exit strategies have proven effective in reducing computational demands by halting…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-08 Sangmin Yoo , Srikanth Malla , Chiho Choi , Wei D. Lu , Joon Hee Choi