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Learning-to-rank (LTR) is a class of supervised learning techniques that apply to ranking problems dealing with a large number of features. The popularity and widespread application of LTR models in prioritizing information in a variety of…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-05-19 Jaspreet Singh , Zhenye Wang , Megha Khosla , Avishek Anand

Learning-to-Rank (LTR) is a supervised machine learning approach that constructs models specifically designed to order a set of items or documents based on their relevance or importance to a given query or context. Despite significant…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2026-04-17 Camilo Gomez , Pengyang Wang , Yanjie Fu

Neural ranking models have become increasingly popular for real-world search and recommendation systems in recent years. Unlike their tree-based counterparts, neural models are much less interpretable. That is, it is very difficult to…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2024-05-14 Lijun Lyu , Nirmal Roy , Harrie Oosterhuis , Avishek Anand

In order to ensure the reliability of the explanations of machine learning models, it is crucial to establish their advantages and limits and in which case each of these methods outperform. However, the current understanding of when and how…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-12 Célia Wafa Ayad , Thomas Bonnier , Benjamin Bosch , Sonali Parbhoo , Jesse Read

With increasing interest in explaining machine learning (ML) models, the first part of this two-part study synthesizes recent research on methods for explaining global and local aspects of ML models. This study distinguishes explainability…

机器学习 · 统计学 2022-11-17 Montgomery Flora , Corey Potvin , Amy McGovern , Shawn Handler

Machine learning (ML) model explainability has received growing attention, especially in the area related to model risk and regulations. In this paper, we reviewed and compared some popular ML model explainability methodologies, especially…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2021-06-15 Shafie Gholizadeh , Nengfeng Zhou

Test case prioritisation (TCP) is a critical task in regression testing to ensure quality as software evolves. Machine learning has become a common way to achieve it. In particular, learning-to-rank (LTR) algorithms provide an effective…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2024-05-24 Aurora Ramírez , Mario Berrios , José Raúl Romero , Robert Feldt

Evaluating explanation techniques using human subjects is costly, time-consuming and can lead to subjectivity in the assessments. To evaluate the accuracy of local explanations, we require access to the true feature importance scores for a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-01-31 Amir Hossein Akhavan Rahnama , Judith Butepage , Pierre Geurts , Henrik Bostrom

Learning-to-rank (LTR) algorithms are ubiquitous and necessary to explore the extensive catalogs of media providers. To avoid the user examining all the results, its preferences are used to provide a subset of relatively small size. The…

Interpretable Learning to Rank (LtR) is an emerging field within the research area of explainable AI, aiming at developing intelligible and accurate predictive models. While most of the previous research efforts focus on creating post-hoc…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2022-06-02 Claudio Lucchese , Franco Maria Nardini , Salvatore Orlando , Raffaele Perego , Alberto Veneri

Learning to rank (LTR) plays a crucial role in various Information Retrieval (IR) tasks. Although supervised LTR methods based on fine-grained relevance labels (e.g., document-level annotations) have achieved significant success, their…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2025-08-21 Yiteng Tu , Zhichao Xu , Tao Yang , Weihang Su , Yujia Zhou , Yiqun Liu , Fen Lin , Qin Liu , Qingyao Ai

Tree-based methods are powerful nonparametric techniques in statistics and machine learning. However, their effectiveness, particularly in finite-sample settings, is not fully understood. Recent applications have revealed their surprising…

统计理论 · 数学 2024-10-04 Hengrui Luo , Meng Li

Due to the black-box nature of deep learning models, methods for explaining the models' results are crucial to gain trust from humans and support collaboration between AIs and humans. In this paper, we consider several model-agnostic and…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2019-08-30 Piyawat Lertvittayakumjorn , Francesca Toni

Learning to Rank (LTR) technique is ubiquitous in the Information Retrieval system nowadays, especially in the Search Ranking application. The query-item relevance labels typically used to train the ranking model are often noisy…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2022-07-11 Debabrata Mahapatra , Chaosheng Dong , Yetian Chen , Deqiang Meng , Michinari Momma

Although neural networks are a powerful tool, their widespread use is hindered by the opacity of their decisions and their black-box nature, which result in a lack of trustworthiness. To alleviate this problem, methods in the field of…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-13 Helena Monke , Benjamin Fresz , Marco Bernreuther , Yilin Chen , Marco F. Huber

Layer-wise Relevance Propagation (LRP) and saliency maps have been recently used to explain the predictions of Deep Learning models, specifically in the domain of text classification. Given different attribution-based explanations to…

Interpretable machine learning offers insights into what factors drive a certain prediction of a black-box system. A large number of interpreting methods focus on identifying explanatory input features, which generally fall into two main…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-06-02 Vy Vo , Van Nguyen , Trung Le , Quan Hung Tran , Gholamreza Haffari , Seyit Camtepe , Dinh Phung

Interpretable Machine Learning (IML) has become increasingly important in many real-world applications, such as autonomous cars and medical diagnosis, where explanations are significantly preferred to help people better understand how…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-08-19 Fan Yang , Mengnan Du , Xia Hu

With the ever-increasing use of complex machine learning models in critical applications within the finance domain, explaining the decisions of the model has become a necessity. With applications spanning from credit scoring to credit…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-09-14 Aditya Lahiri , Narayanan Unny Edakunni

Explainable AI is an emerging field providing solutions for acquiring insights into automated systems' rationale. It has been put on the AI map by suggesting ways to tackle key ethical and societal issues. Existing explanation techniques…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-05-02 Ioannis Mollas , Nick Bassiliades , Grigorios Tsoumakas
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