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Flattened, rotating disks of cool dust and gas extending for tens to hundreds of AU are found around almost all low mass stars shortly after their birth. These disks generally persist for several Myr, during which time some material…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2011-08-30 Jonathan P. Williams , Lucas A. Cieza

After 25 years of laboratory research on protoplanetary dust agglomeration, a consistent picture of the various processes that involve colliding dust aggregates has emerged. Besides sticking, bouncing and fragmentation, other effects, like,…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2018-03-21 Jürgen Blum

Planet-forming disks turn from gas-rich, massive disks made of dust and gas into planetary systems containing only small amounts dust produced by collisions between smaller planetary objects like planetesimals, asteroids, or comets.…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2024-07-03 Niels Swinkels , Carsten Dominik

Understanding how dust evolves in protoplanetary disks is crucial to constraining the initial conditions of planet formation. The apparent "mass budget problem", which stems from the comparison of the observed disk masses to the ones…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2026-04-23 Sofia Savvidou

More than a decade of dedicated experimental work on the collisional physics of protoplanetary dust has brought us to a point at which the growth of dust aggregates can - for the first time - be self-consistently and reliably modelled. In…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2015-05-19 Jürgen Blum

Planetesimals form in gas-rich protoplanetary disks around young stars. However, protoplanetary disks fade in about 10 Myr. The planetesimals (and also many of the planets) left behind are too dim to study directly. Fortunately, collisions…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2015-12-17 Andrew N. Youdin , George H. Rieke

Over the past decade, advancement of observational capabilities, specifically the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) and SPHERE instrument, alongside theoretical innovations like pebble accretion, have reshaped our…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2024-09-30 Tilman Birnstiel

We investigate dust substructure formation induced by two super-Earths migrating in a low-viscosity disk with single-size dust grains selected from the submillimeter to centimeter range of sizes. The orbital evolution of planets takes place…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2026-05-05 Zijia Cui , Ewa Szuszkiewicz

Debris disks are the dust disks found around ~20% of nearby main sequence stars in far-IR surveys. They can be considered as descendants of protoplanetary disks or components of planetary systems, providing valuable information on…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2018-12-05 Mark C. Wyatt

We have studied dust evolution in a quiescent or turbulent protoplanetary disk by numerically solving coagulation equation for settling dust particles, using the minimum mass solar nebular model. As a result, if we assume an ideally…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2009-11-11 Hideko Nomura , Yoshitsugu Nakagawa

The sticking of micron sized dust particles due to surface forces in circumstellar disks is the first stage in the production of asteroids and planets. The key ingredients that drive this process are the relative velocity between the dust…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2015-05-14 A. Zsom , C. W. Ormel , C. Guettler , J. Blum , C. P. Dullemond

Interstellar dust links the formation of the first stars to the rocky planet we inhabit by playing a pivotal role in the cooling and fragmentation of molecular clouds, and catalyzing the formation of water and organic molecules. Despite its…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2024-10-21 Danial Langeroodi , Jens Hjorth , Andrea Ferrara , Christa Gall

The similar orbital distances and detection rates of debris disks and the prominent rings observed in protoplanetary disks suggest a potential connection between these structures. We explore this connection with new calculations that follow…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2022-02-02 Joan R. Najita , Scott J. Kenyon , Benjamin C. Bromley

Aims. The initial stages of planet formation may start concurrently with the formation of a gas-dust protoplanetary disk. This makes the study of the earliest stages of protoplanetary disk formation crucially important. Here we focus on…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2024-01-05 Eduard Vorobyov , Igor Kulikov , Vardan Elbakyan , James McKevitt , Manuel Guedel

Planet formation in protoplanetary discs requires dust grains to coagulate from the sub-micron sizes that are found in the interstellar medium into much larger objects. For the first time, we study the growth of dust grains during the…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2022-06-01 Matthew R. Bate

We present a study of the evolution of the inner few astronomical units of protoplanetary disks around low-mass stars. We consider nearby stellar groups with ages spanning from 1 to 11 Myr, distributed into four age bins. Combining…

It has been suggested that circumstellar disks evolve from dense, actively accreting structures to low-mass, replenished remnants. During this transition, grains may assemble into planetesimals, or the disk may be cleared by newborn…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2007-05-23 Ray Jayawardhana

Surveys of star-forming regions reveal that the dust mass of protoplanetary discs decreases by several orders of magnitude on a timescale of a few million years. This decrease in the mass budget of solids is likely due to the…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2023-08-02 Johan Appelgren , Michiel Lambrechts , Nienke van der Marel

Millimeter interferometry provides evidence for the presence of mm to cm size "pebbles" in the outer parts of disks around pre-main-sequence stars. The observations suggest that large grains are produced relatively early in disk evolution…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2009-11-13 F. Brauer , C. P. Dullemond , A. Johansen , Th. Henning , H. Klahr , A. Natta

The observed dust rings and gaps in protoplanetary disks could be imprints of forming planets. Even low-mass planets in the one-to-ten Earth-mass regime, that do not yet carve deep gas gaps, can generate such dust rings and gaps by driving…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2024-12-04 Ayumu Kuwahara , Michiel Lambrechts , Hiroyuki Kurokawa , Satoshi Okuzumi , Takayuki Tanigawa