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Quantum error correction (QEC) aims to protect logical qubits from noises by utilizing the redundancy of a large Hilbert space, where an error, once it occurs, can be detected and corrected in real time. In most QEC codes, a logical qubit…

We demonstrate that a high fidelity approximation to $| \Psi_b \rangle$, the quantum superposition over all bit strings within Hamming distance $b$ of the codewords of a dimension-$k$ linear code over $\mathbb{Z}_2^n$, can be efficiently…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-04-26 Edward Farhi , Stephen P. Jordan

We consider the problem of mapping a logical quantum circuit onto a given hardware with limited two-qubit connectivity. We model this problem as an integer linear program, using a network flow formulation with binary variables that includes…

量子物理 · 物理学 2021-07-27 Giacomo Nannicini , Lev S Bishop , Oktay Gunluk , Petar Jurcevic

We present a comprehensive architectural analysis for a proposed fault-tolerant quantum computer based on cat codes concatenated with outer quantum error-correcting codes. For the physical hardware, we propose a system of acoustic…

Encoding quantum information in a quantum error correction (QEC) code enhances protection against errors. Imperfection of quantum devices due to decoherence effects will limit the fidelity of quantum gate operations. In particular, neutral…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-03-03 J. J. Postema , S. J. J. M. F. Kokkelmans

Fault tolerant quantum computing methods which work with efficient quantum error correcting codes are discussed. Several new techniques are introduced to restrict accumulation of errors before or during the recovery. Classes of eligible…

量子物理 · 物理学 2009-10-31 Andrew M. Steane

A central challenge for the scaling of quantum computing systems is the need to control all qubits in the system without a large overhead. A solution for this problem in classical computing comes in the form of so called crossbar…

量子物理 · 物理学 2018-03-28 Jonas Helsen , Mark Steudtner , Menno Veldhorst , Stephanie Wehner

Universal quantum computers require fault-tolerant logical qudits, as qudits naturally align with the simulation of multi-level physical systems. Here, we present a general framework and working examples for encoding fault-tolerant logical…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-04-24 Sumin Lim

Sharing logical entangled pairs between distant quantum nodes is a key process to achieve fault tolerant quantum computation and communication. However, there is a gap between current experimental specifications and theoretical requirements…

Fast, reliable logical operations are essential for realizing useful quantum computers. By redundantly encoding logical qubits into many physical qubits and using syndrome measurements to detect and correct errors, one can achieve low…

A major challenge in fault-tolerant quantum computation (FTQC) is to reduce both space overhead -- the large number of physical qubits per logical qubit -- and time overhead -- the long physical gate sequences per logical gate. We prove…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-12-06 Shiro Tamiya , Masato Koashi , Hayata Yamasaki

Quantum error correction promises a viable path to fault-tolerant computations, enabling exponential error suppression when the device's error rates remain below the protocol's threshold. This threshold, however, strongly depends on the…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-05-11 Maurice D. Hanisch , Bence Hetényi , James R. Wootton

A minimal depth quantum circuit implementing 5-qubit quantum error correction in a manner optimized for a linear nearest neighbor architecture is described. The canonical decomposition is used to construct fast and simple gates that…

量子物理 · 物理学 2007-05-23 Austin G. Fowler , Charles D. Hill , Lloyd C. L. Hollenberg

There have been significant recent advances in constructing theoretical and practical quantum error correcting codes that function well as quantum memories; however, performing fault-tolerant logical gates on these codes is less studied,…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-10-22 Noah Berthusen , Elijah Durso-Sabina

Quantum error correction is an important ingredient for scalable quantum computing. Stabilizer codes are one of the most promising and straightforward ways to correct quantum errors, are convenient for logical operations, and improve…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-02-07 Ilya. A. Simakov , Ilya. S. Besedin

Quantum block encoding (QBE) is a crucial step in the development of most quantum algorithms, as it provides an embedding of a given matrix into a suitable larger unitary matrix. Historically, the development of efficient techniques for QBE…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-03-20 Giacomo Antonioli , Paola Boito , Gianna M. Del Corso , Margherita Porcelli

We investigate how hardware specifications can impact the final run time and the required number of physical qubits to achieve a quantum advantage in the fault tolerant regime. Within a particular time frame, both the code cycle time and…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-06-19 Mark Webber , Vincent Elfving , Sebastian Weidt , Winfried K. Hensinger

Topological subsystem codes proposed recently by Bombin are quantum error correcting codes defined on a two-dimensional grid of qubits that permit reliable quantum information storage with a constant error threshold. These codes require…

量子物理 · 物理学 2015-05-20 Martin Suchara , Sergey Bravyi , Barbara M. Terhal

In numerical simulations, spontaneously broken symmetry is often detected by computing two-point correlation functions of the appropriate local order parameter. This approach, however, computes the square of the local order parameter, and…

强关联电子 · 物理学 2013-09-02 Fakher F. Assaad , Igor F. Herbut

Quantum low density parity check (qLDPC) codes, particularly bivariate bicycle (BB) codes, achieve competitive fault tolerance thresholds while offering substantially higher encoding rates than planar surface codes. However, their…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-05-07 Nitish Kumar Chandra , Eneet Kaur , Reza Nejabati , Kaushik P. Seshadreesan