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Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) samples is crucial to the safe deployment of a classifier in the real world. However, deep neural networks are known to be overconfident for abnormal data. Existing works directly design score function by…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-01-06 Wenyu Jiang , Yuxin Ge , Hao Cheng , Mingcai Chen , Shuai Feng , Chongjun Wang

Time series remains one of the most challenging modalities in machine learning research. The out-of-distribution (OOD) detection and generalization on time series tend to suffer due to its non-stationary property, i.e., the distribution…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-08-07 Wang Lu , Jindong Wang , Xinwei Sun , Yiqiang Chen , Xiangyang Ji , Qiang Yang , Xing Xie

Many neural network-based out-of-distribution (OoD) detection methods have been proposed. However, they require many training data for each target task. We propose a simple yet effective meta-learning method to detect OoD with small…

机器学习 · 统计学 2022-06-22 Tomoharu Iwata , Atsutoshi Kumagai

Few-shot Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection has emerged as a critical research direction in machine learning for practical deployment. Most existing Few-shot OOD detection methods suffer from insufficient generalization capability for the…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-08-11 Pinxuan Li , Bing Cao , Changqing Zhang , Qinghua Hu

Computer-aided diagnostics has benefited from the development of deep learning-based computer vision techniques in these years. Traditional supervised deep learning methods assume that the test sample is drawn from the identical…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-07-04 Zesheng Hong , Yubiao Yue , Yubin Chen , Lele Cong , Huanjie Lin , Yuanmei Luo , Mini Han Wang , Weidong Wang , Jialong Xu , Xiaoqi Yang , Hechang Chen , Zhenzhang Li , Sihong Xie

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is essential for ensuring the reliability and safety of machine learning systems. In recent years, it has received increasing attention, particularly through post-hoc detection and training-based methods.…

机器学习 · 统计学 2025-11-04 Mouïn Ben Ammar , David Brellmann , Arturo Mendoza , Antoine Manzanera , Gianni Franchi

Sensor-based human activity recognition (HAR) mines activity patterns from the time-series sensory data. In realistic scenarios, variations across individuals, devices, environments, and time introduce significant distributional shifts for…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-01-01 Wang Lu , Yao Zhu , Jindong Wang

Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) data is crucial in machine learning applications to mitigate the risk of model overconfidence, thereby enhancing the reliability and safety of deployed systems. The majority of existing OOD detection…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-08-22 Christos Constantinou , Georgios Ioannides , Aman Chadha , Aaron Elkins , Edwin Simpson

Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) data is critical for machine learning, be it for safety reasons or to enable open-ended learning. However, beyond mere detection, choosing an appropriate course of action typically hinges on the type of…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-28 Achref Jaziri , Martin Rogmann , Martin Mundt , Visvanathan Ramesh

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is crucial to modern deep learning applications by identifying and alerting about the OOD samples that should not be tested or used for making predictions. Current OOD detection methods have made…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-09-22 Xinheng Wu , Jie Lu , Zhen Fang , Guangquan Zhang

The core of out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is to learn the in-distribution (ID) representation, which is distinguishable from OOD samples. Previous work applied recognition-based methods to learn the ID features, which tend to learn…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-04-12 Jingyao Li , Pengguang Chen , Shaozuo Yu , Zexin He , Shu Liu , Jiaya Jia

We present a new methodology for detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) images by utilizing norms of the score estimates at multiple noise scales. A score is defined to be the gradient of the log density with respect to the input data. Our…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-03-24 Ahsan Mahmood , Junier Oliva , Martin Styner

It is crucial to detect when an instance lies downright too far from the training samples for the machine learning model to be trusted, a challenge known as out-of-distribution (OOD) detection. For neural networks, one approach to this task…

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is essential to prevent anomalous inputs from causing a model to fail during deployment. While improved OOD detection methods have emerged, they often rely on the final layer outputs and require a full…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2021-05-03 Ziqian Lin , Sreya Dutta Roy , Yixuan Li

Out-of-distribution detection (OOD) deals with anomalous input to neural networks. In the past, specialized methods have been proposed to reject predictions on anomalous input. Similarly, it was shown that feature extraction models in…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-01-25 Jan Diers , Christian Pigorsch

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection aims to identify test examples that do not belong to the training distribution and are thus unlikely to be predicted reliably. Despite a plethora of existing works, most of them focused only on the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-11-07 Reza Averly , Wei-Lun Chao

To detect distribution shifts and improve model safety, many out-of-distribution (OOD) detection methods rely on the predictive uncertainty or features of supervised models trained on in-distribution data. In this paper, we critically…

Machine learning models often degrade when deployed on data distributions different from their training data. Challenging conventional validation paradigms, we demonstrate that higher in-distribution (ID) bias can lead to better…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-03 Ruixuan Chen , Wentao Li , Jiahui Xiao , Yuchen Li , Yimin Tang , Xiaonan Wang

In the field of out-of-distribution (OOD) detection, a previous method that use auxiliary data as OOD data has shown promising performance. However, the method provides an equal loss to all auxiliary data to differentiate them from inliers.…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-06-21 Hyunjun Choi , Hawook Jeong , Jin Young Choi

The reliability of artificial intelligence (AI) systems in open-world settings depends heavily on their ability to flag out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs unseen during training. Recent advances in large-scale vision-language models (VLMs)…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-14 Faizul Rakib Sayem , Shahana Ibrahim