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Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is crucial for ensuring reliable deployment of machine learning models. Recent advancements focus on utilizing easily accessible auxiliary outliers (e.g., data from the web or other datasets) in training.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-11-22 Haiyun Yao , Zongbo Han , Huazhu Fu , Xi Peng , Qinghua Hu , Changqing Zhang

The application of machine learning in safety-critical systems requires a reliable assessment of uncertainty. However, deep neural networks are known to produce highly overconfident predictions on out-of-distribution (OOD) data. Even if…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-10-19 Alexander Meinke , Julian Bitterwolf , Matthias Hein

Modern neural networks are very powerful predictive models, but they are often incapable of recognizing when their predictions may be wrong. Closely related to this is the task of out-of-distribution detection, where a network must…

机器学习 · 统计学 2018-02-15 Terrance DeVries , Graham W. Taylor

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is essential for building reliable AI systems, as models that produce outputs for invalid inputs cannot be trusted. Although deep learning (DL) is often assumed to outperform traditional machine learning…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-05-21 Jihyeon Baek , Seunghoon Lee , Gitaek Kwon , Doohyun Park

Deep Learning models are easily disturbed by variations in the input images that were not seen during training, resulting in unpredictable behaviours. Such Out-of-Distribution (OOD) images represent a significant challenge in the context of…

图像与视频处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2024-10-28 Benjamin Lambert , Florence Forbes , Senan Doyle , Alan Tucholka , Michel Dojat

We study the problem of Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection, that is, detecting whether a learning algorithm's output can be trusted at inference time. While a number of tests for OOD detection have been proposed in prior work, a formal…

机器学习 · 统计学 2023-09-19 Akshayaa Magesh , Venugopal V. Veeravalli , Anirban Roy , Susmit Jha

Bayesian neural networks and deep ensemble methods have been proposed for uncertainty quantification; however, they are computationally intensive and require large storage. By utilizing a single deterministic model, we can solve the above…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-08-04 Yaxin Ma , Benjamin Colburn , Jose C. Principe

We present a theory for the construction of out-of-distribution (OOD) detection features for neural networks. We introduce random features for OOD through a novel information-theoretic loss functional consisting of two terms, the first…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-18 Sudeepta Mondal , Zhuolin Jiang , Ganesh Sundaramoorthi

The lack of well-calibrated confidence estimates makes neural networks inadequate in safety-critical domains such as autonomous driving or healthcare. In these settings, having the ability to abstain from making a prediction on…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-07-27 Adam Dziedzic , Stephan Rabanser , Mohammad Yaghini , Armin Ale , Murat A. Erdogdu , Nicolas Papernot

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are known to produce incorrect predictions with very high confidence on out-of-distribution inputs (OODs). This limitation is one of the key challenges in the adoption of DNNs in high-assurance systems such as…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-08-21 Ramneet Kaur , Susmit Jha , Anirban Roy , Sangdon Park , Oleg Sokolsky , Insup Lee

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection plays a crucial role in ensuring the safe deployment of deep neural network (DNN) classifiers. While a myriad of methods have focused on improving the performance of OOD detectors, a critical gap remains…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-06-07 Jihye Choi , Jayaram Raghuram , Ryan Feng , Jiefeng Chen , Somesh Jha , Atul Prakash

Density-based Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection has recently been shown unreliable for the task of detecting OOD images. Various density ratio based approaches achieve good empirical performance, however methods typically lack a…

机器学习 · 统计学 2022-06-09 Mingtian Zhang , Andi Zhang , Tim Z. Xiao , Yitong Sun , Steven McDonagh

In the recent years, researchers proposed a number of successful methods to perform out-of-distribution (OOD) detection in deep neural networks (DNNs). So far the scope of the highly accurate methods has been limited to image level…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2021-04-01 Ertunc Erdil , Krishna Chaitanya , Neerav Karani , Ender Konukoglu

Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) examples is critical in many applications. We propose an unsupervised method to detect OOD samples using a $k$-NN density estimate with respect to a classification model's intermediate activations on…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-02-11 Dara Bahri , Heinrich Jiang , Yi Tay , Donald Metzler

Machine learning algorithms often encounter different or "out-of-distribution" (OOD) data at deployment time, and OOD detection is frequently employed to detect these examples. While it works reasonably well in practice, existing…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-01-16 Konstantin Garov , Kamalika Chaudhuri

Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) instances is crucial for the reliable deployment of machine learning models in real-world scenarios. OOD inputs are commonly expected to cause a more uncertain prediction in the primary task; however,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-05-22 Mohammad Azizmalayeri , Ameen Abu-Hanna , Giovanni Cinà

The problem of detecting the Out-of-Distribution (OoD) inputs is of paramount importance for Deep Neural Networks. It has been previously shown that even Deep Generative Models that allow estimating the density of the inputs may not be…

机器学习 · 统计学 2023-01-02 Misha Glazunov , Apostolis Zarras

We present a principled approach for detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) and adversarial samples in deep neural networks. Our approach consists in modeling the outputs of the various layers (deep features) with parametric probability…

机器学习 · 统计学 2019-09-27 Nilesh A. Ahuja , Ibrahima Ndiour , Trushant Kalyanpur , Omesh Tickoo

The ability to detect objects that are not prevalent in the training set is a critical capability in many 3D applications, including autonomous driving. Machine learning methods for object recognition often assume that all object categories…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-07-02 Zizhao Li , Xueyang Kang , Joseph West , Kourosh Khoshelham

Deep neural networks have been successful in diverse discriminative classification tasks, although, they are poorly calibrated often assigning high probability to misclassified predictions. Potential consequences could lead to…

机器学习 · 统计学 2020-10-06 John Mitros , Arjun Pakrashi , Brian Mac Namee