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Observational studies provide the only evidence on the effectiveness of interventions when randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are impractical due to cost, ethical concerns, or time constraints. While many methodologies aim to draw causal…

We introduce HTAD, a novel model for diagnosis prediction using Electronic Health Records (EHR) represented as Heterogeneous Information Networks. Recent studies on modeling EHR have shown success in automatically learning representations…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-12-24 Anahita Hosseini , Tyler Davis , Majid Sarrafzadeh

Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) represent a gold standard when developing policy guidelines. However, RCTs are often narrow, and lack data on broader populations of interest. Causal effects in these populations are often estimated using…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-03-07 Zeshan Hussain , Michael Oberst , Ming-Chieh Shih , David Sontag

Causal inference methods based on electronic health record (EHR) databases must simultaneously handle confounding and missing data. Vast scholarship exists aimed at addressing these two issues separately, but surprisingly few papers attempt…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2025-07-28 Luke Benz , Alexander Levis , Sebastien Haneuse

Electronic Health Records (EHRs) contain rich, longitudinal patient information across structured (e.g., labs, vitals, and imaging) and unstructured (e.g., clinical notes) modalities. While deep learning models such as RNNs and Transformers…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-18 Mohammad Al Olaimat , Shaika Chowdhury , Serdar Bozdag

Analyzing data from multiple sources offers valuable opportunities to improve the estimation efficiency of causal estimands. However, this analysis also poses many challenges due to population heterogeneity and data privacy constraints.…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2025-10-23 Rong Zhao , Jason Falvey , Xu Shi , Vernon M. Chinchilli , Chixiang Chen

Routinely collected data from electronic health records (EHR) provide opportunities to study effects of longitudinal treatment strategies in real-world clinical settings. A challenge presented by EHR data is that frequency of covariate…

应用统计 · 统计学 2026-04-14 Leah Pirondini , Karla Diaz-Ordaz , Edward Palmer , Ruth H. Keogh

We address the problem of estimating causal effects from observational data in the presence of network confounding, a setting where both treatment assignment and observed outcomes of individuals may be influenced by their neighbors within a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-24 Abhishek Dalvi , Neil Ashtekar , Vasant Honavar

Missingness in variables that define study eligibility criteria is a seldom addressed challenge in electronic health record (EHR)-based settings. It is typically the case that patients with incomplete eligibility information are excluded…

Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT) are the current gold standards to empirically measure the effect of a new drug. However, they may be of limited size and resorting to complementary non-randomized data, referred to as observational, is…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2025-06-11 Ahmed Boughdiri , Julie Josse , Erwan Scornet

Analysis of longitudinal Electronic Health Record (EHR) data is an important goal for precision medicine. Difficulty in applying Machine Learning (ML) methods, either predictive or unsupervised, stems in part from the heterogeneity and…

Observational data have been actively used to estimate treatment effect, driven by the growing availability of electronic health records (EHRs). However, EHRs typically consist of longitudinal records, often introducing time-dependent…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-06-14 Junghwan Lee , Simin Ma , Nicoleta Serban , Shihao Yang

Hypertension is a major risk factor for stroke, cardiovascular disease, and end-stage renal disease, and its prevalence is expected to rise dramatically. Effective hypertension management is thus critical. A particular priority is…

计算机与社会 · 计算机科学 2019-07-02 Ramin Mohammadi , Sarthak Jain , Stephen Agboola , Ramya Palacholla , Sagar Kamarthi , Byron C. Wallace

Although increasingly used as a data resource for assembling cohorts, electronic health records (EHRs) pose many analytic challenges. In particular, a patient's health status influences when and what data are recorded, generating sampling…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2020-04-28 Yifei Sun , Charles E. McCulloch , Kieren A. Marr , Chiung-Yu Huang

We consider the problem of estimating the average treatment effect (ATE) in a semi-supervised learning setting, where a very small proportion of the entire set of observations are labeled with the true outcome but features predictive of the…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2020-10-27 David Cheng , Ashwin Ananthakrishnan , Tianxi Cai

The treatment effects of medications play a key role in guiding medical prescriptions. They are usually assessed with randomized controlled trials (RCTs), which are expensive. Recently, large-scale electronic health records (EHRs) have…

Hybrid controlled trials (HCTs), which augment randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with external controls (ECs), are increasingly receiving attention as a way to address limited power, slow accrual, and ethical concerns in clinical…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2025-05-02 Jiajun Liu , Ke Zhu , Shu Yang , Xiaofei Wang

The availability of a large amount of electronic health records (EHR) provides huge opportunities to improve health care service by mining these data. One important application is clinical endpoint prediction, which aims to predict whether…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2018-11-20 Luchen Liu , Jianhao Shen , Ming Zhang , Zichang Wang , Jian Tang

In the dynamic hospital setting, decision support can be a valuable tool for improving patient outcomes. Data-driven inference of future outcomes is challenging in this dynamic setting, where long sequences such as laboratory tests and…

定量方法 · 定量生物学 2024-04-25 Alan D. Kaplan , Priyadip Ray , John D. Greene , Vincent X. Liu

One of the fundamental challenges in drawing causal inferences from observational studies is that the assumption of no unmeasured confounding is not testable from observed data. Therefore, assessing sensitivity to this assumption's…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2024-06-25 Md Abdul Basit , Mahbub A. H. M. Latif , Abdus S Wahed