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Personalized recommendation models (RecSys) are one of the most popular machine learning workload serviced by hyperscalers. A critical challenge of training RecSys is its high memory capacity requirements, reaching hundreds of GBs to TBs of…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2022-05-11 Youngeun Kwon , Minsoo Rhu

In recommendation systems, practitioners observed that increase in the number of embedding tables and their sizes often leads to significant improvement in model performances. Given this and the business importance of these models to major…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-10-26 Jie Amy Yang , Jianyu Huang , Jongsoo Park , Ping Tak Peter Tang , Andrew Tulloch

In deep learning, embeddings are widely used to represent categorical entities such as words, apps, and movies. An embedding layer maps each entity to a unique vector, causing the layer's memory requirement to be proportional to the number…

Memory embeddings are crucial for memory-augmented systems, such as OpenClaw, but their evaluation is underexplored in current text embedding benchmarks, which narrowly focus on traditional passage retrieval and fail to assess models'…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-08 Xinping Zhao , Xinshuo Hu , Jiaxin Xu , Danyu Tang , Xin Zhang , Mengjia Zhou , Yan Zhong , Yao Zhou , Zifei Shan , Meishan Zhang , Baotian Hu , Min Zhang

Learning embedding table plays a fundamental role in Click-through rate(CTR) prediction from the view of the model performance and memory usage. The embedding table is a two-dimensional tensor, with its axes indicating the number of feature…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2022-09-07 Fuyuan Lyu , Xing Tang , Hong Zhu , Huifeng Guo , Yingxue Zhang , Ruiming Tang , Xue Liu

Embedding learning for categorical features is crucial for the deep learning-based recommendation models (DLRMs). Each feature value is mapped to an embedding vector via an embedding learning process. Conventional methods configure a fixed…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-08-27 Bencheng Yan , Pengjie Wang , Kai Zhang , Wei Lin , Kuang-Chih Lee , Jian Xu , Bo Zheng

Deep learning for recommendation data is one of the most pervasive and challenging AI workload in recent times. State-of-the-art recommendation models are one of the largest models matching the likes of GPT-3 and Switch Transformer.…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2022-01-25 Aditya Desai , Li Chou , Anshumali Shrivastava

Huge embedding tables in modern deep learning recommender models (DLRM) require prohibitively large memory during training and inference. This paper proposes FIITED, a system to automatically reduce the memory footprint via FIne-grained…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2024-10-15 Qinyi Luo , Penghan Wang , Wei Zhang , Fan Lai , Jiachen Mao , Xiaohan Wei , Jun Song , Wei-Yu Tsai , Shuai Yang , Yuxi Hu , Xuehai Qian

Deep Recommender Models (DLRMs) inference is a fundamental AI workload accounting for more than 79% of the total AI workload in Meta's data centers. DLRMs' performance bottleneck is found in the embedding layers, which perform many random…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2025-07-03 Giuseppe Ruggeri , Renzo Andri , Daniele Jahier Pagliari , Lukas Cavigelli

Efficient benchmarking techniques aim to lower the computational cost of evaluating LLMs by predicting full benchmark scores using only a subset of a benchmark's questions. By reframing this problem as an instance of multiple regression…

机器学习 · 统计学 2026-05-26 Sam Bowyer , Acyr Locatelli , Kris Cao

At the heart of contemporary recommender systems (RSs) are latent factor models that provide quality recommendation experience to users. These models use embedding vectors, which are typically of a uniform and fixed size, to represent users…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2026-02-05 Yunke Qu , Tong Chen , Quoc Viet Hung Nguyen , Hongzhi Yin

Deep Learning Recommendation Models (DLRMs) play a crucial role in delivering personalized content across web applications such as social networking and video streaming. However, with improvements in performance, the parameter size of DLRMs…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2025-04-02 Jinho Yang , Ji-Hoon Kim , Joo-Young Kim

To deploy deep learning algorithms on resource-limited scenarios, an emerging device-resistive random access memory (ReRAM) has been regarded as promising via analog computing. However, the practicability of ReRAM is primarily limited due…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-10-06 Nanyang Ye , Jingbiao Mei , Zhicheng Fang , Yuwen Zhang , Ziqing Zhang , Huaying Wu , Xiaoyao Liang

Neural personalized recommendation is the corner-stone of a wide collection of cloud services and products, constituting significant compute demand of the cloud infrastructure. Thus, improving the execution efficiency of neural…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2020-01-10 Udit Gupta , Samuel Hsia , Vikram Saraph , Xiaodong Wang , Brandon Reagen , Gu-Yeon Wei , Hsien-Hsin S. Lee , David Brooks , Carole-Jean Wu

The embedding-based representation learning is commonly used in deep learning recommendation models to map the raw sparse features to dense vectors. The traditional embedding manner that assigns a uniform size to all features has two…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-03-12 Siyi Liu , Chen Gao , Yihong Chen , Depeng Jin , Yong Li

Nowadays, deep learning models are widely adopted in web-scale applications such as recommender systems, and online advertising. In these applications, embedding learning of categorical features is crucial to the success of deep learning…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2021-09-07 Bencheng Yan , Pengjie Wang , Jinquan Liu , Wei Lin , Kuang-Chih Lee , Jian Xu , Bo Zheng

Embedding-based neural retrieval (EBR) is an effective search retrieval method in product search for tackling the vocabulary gap between customer search queries and products. The initial launch of our EBR system at Walmart yielded…

Deep Recommender Systems (DRS) are increasingly dependent on a large number of feature fields for more precise recommendations. Effective feature selection methods are consequently becoming critical for further enhancing the accuracy and…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2024-06-21 Pengyue Jia , Yejing Wang , Zhaocheng Du , Xiangyu Zhao , Yichao Wang , Bo Chen , Wanyu Wang , Huifeng Guo , Ruiming Tang

Mixture of experts (MoE) models achieve state-of-the-art results in language modeling but suffer from inefficient hardware utilization due to imbalanced token routing and communication overhead. While prior work has focused on optimizing…

Retrieval, the initial stage of a recommendation system, is tasked with down-selecting items from a pool of tens of millions of candidates to a few thousands. Embedding Based Retrieval (EBR) has been a typical choice for this problem,…