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For permissionless blockchains, scalability is paramount. While current technologies still fail to address this problem fully, many research works propose sharding or other techniques that extensively adopt parallel processing of…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2022-12-23 Andrea Mariani , Gianluca Mariani , Diego Pennino , Maurizio Pizzonia

Blockchains facilitate decentralization, security, identity, and data management in cyber-physical systems. However, consensus protocols used in blockchains are prone to high message and computational complexity costs and are not suitable…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2023-03-28 Alexander Mozeika , Mohammad M. Jalalzai , Marcin P. Pawlowski

Traditional public distributed ledgers have not been able to scale-out well and work efficiently. Sharding is deemed as a promising way to solve this problem. By partitioning all nodes into small committees and letting them work in…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2020-04-07 Mengqian Zhang , Jichen Li , Zhaohua Chen , Hongyin Chen , Xiaotie Deng

A promising way to overcome the scalability limitations of the current blockchain is to use sharding, which is to split the transaction processing among multiple, smaller groups of nodes. A well-performed blockchain sharding system requires…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2025-07-31 Mingzhe Li , You Lin , Wei Wang , Jin Zhang

Although blockchain, the supporting technology of various cryptocurrencies, has offered a potentially effective framework for numerous decentralized trust management systems, its performance is still sub-optimal in real-world networks. With…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2022-04-05 Canran Wang , Netanel Raviv

Sharding enhances blockchain scalability by partitioning nodes into multiple groups for concurrent transaction processing. Configuring a large number of small shards usually helps improve transaction concurrency, but it also increases the…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2025-12-23 Mingzhe Li , You Lin , Jin Zhang

In today's blockchain system, designing a secure and high throughput blockchain on par with a centralized payment system is a difficult task. Sharding is one of the most worthwhile emerging technologies for improving the system throughput…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-05-28 Chenyu Huang , Zeyu Wang , Huangxun Chen , Qiwei Hu , Qian Zhang , Wei Wang , Xia Guan

Existing blockchain systems scale poorly because of their distributed consensus protocols. Current attempts at improving blockchain scalability are limited to cryptocurrency. Scaling blockchain systems under general workloads (i.e.,…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2019-03-13 Hung Dang , Tien Tuan Anh Dinh , Dumitrel Loghin , Ee-Chien Chang , Qian Lin , Beng Chin Ooi

Sharding has shown great potential to scale out blockchains. It divides nodes into smaller groups which allow for partial transaction processing, relaying and storage. Hence, instead of running one blockchain, we will run multiple…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2022-10-11 Pourya Soltani , Farid Ashtiani

Sharding is the prevalent approach to breaking the trilemma of simultaneously achieving decentralization, security, and scalability in traditional blockchain systems, which are implemented as replicated state machines relying on atomic…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2021-03-01 Yizhong Liu , Jianwei Liu , Marcos Antonio Vaz Salles , Zongyang Zhang , Tong Li , Bin Hu , Fritz Henglein , Rongxing Lu

Blockchain is an incrementally updated ledger maintained by distributed nodes rather than centralized organizations. The current blockchain technology faces scalability issues, which include two aspects: low transaction throughput and high…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2020-11-02 Xiangyu Wang , Ting Yang , Yu Wang

Blockchain sharding is a promising approach to solving the dilemma between decentralisation and high performance (transaction throughput) for blockchain. The main challenge of Blockchain sharding systems is how to reach a decision on a…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2020-03-24 Yibin Xu , Yangyu Huang , Jianhua Shao , George Theodorakopoulos

Sharding distributed ledgers is a promising on-chain solution for scaling blockchains but lacks formal grounds, nurturing skepticism on whether such complex systems can scale blockchains securely. We fill this gap by introducing the first…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2023-05-23 Georgia Avarikioti , Antoine Desjardins , Eleftherios Kokoris-Kogias , Roger Wattenhofer

Low transaction throughput and poor scalability are significant issues in public blockchain consensus protocols such as Bitcoins. Recent research efforts in this direction have proposed shard-based consensus protocols where the key idea is…

计算机科学与博弈论 · 计算机科学 2018-09-26 Mohammad Hossein Manshaei , Murtuza Jadliwala , Anindya Maiti , Mahdi Fooladgar

Blockchain technology, while revolutionary in enabling decentralized transactions, faces scalability challenges as the ledger must be replicated across all nodes of the chain, limiting throughput and efficiency. Sharding, which divides the…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2024-05-09 Björn Assmann , Samuel J. Burri

Blockchain's decentralization, transparency, and tamper-resistance properties have facilitated the system's use in various application fields. However, the low throughput and high confirmation latency hinder the widespread adoption of…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-09-12 Md Mohaimin Al Barat , Shaoyu Li , Changlai Du , Y. Thomas Hou , Wenjing Lou

Today's blockchain designs suffer from a trilemma claiming that no blockchain system can simultaneously achieve decentralization, security, and performance scalability. For current blockchain systems, as more nodes join the network, the…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2020-01-28 Songze Li , Mingchao Yu , Chien-Sheng Yang , A. Salman Avestimehr , Sreeram Kannan , Pramod Viswanath

Sharding is a technique to speed up transaction processing in blockchains, where the $n$ processing nodes in the blockchain are divided into $s$ disjoint groups (shards) that can process transactions in parallel. We study dynamic scheduling…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2025-08-14 Ramesh Adhikari , Costas Busch , Miroslav Popovic

Sharding has emerged as a critical solution to address the scalability challenges faced by blockchain networks, enabling them to achieve higher transaction throughput, reduced latency, and optimized resource usage. This paper investigates…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2025-09-25 Ziwei Wang , Cong Wu , Paolo Tasca

Blockchain has received much attention in recent years. This immense popularity has raised a number of concerns, scalability of blockchain systems being a common one. In this paper, we seek to understand how Ethereum, a well-established…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2018-05-10 Enrique Fynn , Fernando Pedone
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