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Clinical notes contain unstructured text provided by clinicians during patient encounters. These notes are usually accompanied by a sequence of diagnostic codes following the International Classification of Diseases (ICD). Correctly…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-17 Mohammad Mansoori , Amira Soliman , Farzaneh Etminani

Clinical coding is the task of assigning a set of alphanumeric codes, referred to as ICD (International Classification of Diseases), to a medical event based on the context captured in a clinical narrative. The latest version of ICD,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-03-11 Cansu Sen , Bingyang Ye , Javed Aslam , Amir Tahmasebi

Automatic coding of International Classification of Diseases (ICD) is a multi-label text categorization task that involves extracting disease or procedure codes from clinical notes. Despite the application of state-of-the-art natural…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-10-17 Chang Lu , Chandan K. Reddy , Ping Wang , Yue Ning

Medical coding translates clinical documentation into standardized codes for billing, research, and public health, but manual coding is time-consuming and error-prone. Existing automation efforts rely on small datasets that poorly represent…

This study evaluates how well large language models (LLMs) can classify ICD-10 codes from hospital discharge summaries, a critical but error-prone task in healthcare. Using 1,500 summaries from the MIMIC-IV dataset and focusing on the 10…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-07-08 Akram Mustafa , Usman Naseem , Mostafa Rahimi Azghadi

Objective. Natural language processing methods for medical auto-coding, or automatic generation of medical billing codes from electronic health records, generally assign each code independently of the others. They may thus assign codes for…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2015-10-19 Michael Subotin , Anthony R. Davis

The linking of clinical entities is a crucial part of extracting structured information from clinical texts. It is the process of assigning a code from a medical ontology or classification to a phrase in the text. The International…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-08 Sylvia Vassileva , Ivan Koychev , Svetla Boytcheva

International Classification of Diseases(ICD) is an authoritative health care classification system of different diseases and conditions for clinical and management purposes. Considering the complicated and dedicated process to assign…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-01-13 Haoran Shi , Pengtao Xie , Zhiting Hu , Ming Zhang , Eric P. Xing

Information extraction from textual documents such as hospital records and healthrelated user discussions has become a topic of intense interest. The task of medical concept coding is to map a variable length text to medical concepts and…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2018-05-03 Elena Tutubalina , Zulfat Miftahutdinov

Automatic ICD coding from clinical text is a critical task in medical NLP but remains hindered by the extreme long-tail distribution of diagnostic codes. Thousands of rare and zero-shot ICD codes are severely underrepresented in datasets…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-11-19 Truong Vo , Weiyi Wu , Kaize Ding

Clinical coding is an administrative process that involves the translation of diagnostic data from episodes of care into a standard code format such as ICD10. It has many critical applications such as billing and aetiology research. The…

Healthcare providers usually record detailed notes of the clinical care delivered to each patient for clinical, research, and billing purposes. Due to the unstructured nature of these narratives, providers employ dedicated staff to assign…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-08-03 Chufan Gao , Mononito Goswami , Jieshi Chen , Artur Dubrawski

Automatically associating ICD codes with electronic health data is a well-known NLP task in medical research. NLP has evolved significantly in recent years with the emergence of pre-trained language models based on Transformers…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-04-07 Yakini Tchouka , Jean-François Couchot , David Laiymani , Philippe Selles , Azzedine Rahmani

Background: Medical coding structures healthcare data for research, quality monitoring, and policy. This study assesses the potential of large language models (LLMs) to assign ICPC-2 codes using the output of a domain-specific search…

ICD coding is a process of assigning the International Classification of Disease diagnosis codes to clinical/medical notes documented by health professionals (e.g. clinicians). This process requires significant human resources, and thus is…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2020-07-14 Thanh Vu , Dat Quoc Nguyen , Anthony Nguyen

Medical coding is the task of assigning medical codes to clinical free-text documentation. Healthcare professionals manually assign such codes to track patient diagnoses and treatments. Automated medical coding can considerably alleviate…

Coding of unstructured clinical free-text to produce interoperable structured data is essential to improve direct care, support clinical communication and to enable clinical research.However, manual clinical coding is difficult and time…

The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) is an authoritative medical classification system of different diseases and conditions for clinical and management purposes. ICD indexing assigns a subset of ICD codes to a medical record.…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-05-30 Xindi Wang , Robert E. Mercer , Frank Rudzicz

Background and Objective: Code assignment is of paramount importance in many levels in modern hospitals, from ensuring accurate billing process to creating a valid record of patient care history. However, the coding process is tedious and…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2019-10-03 Jinmiao Huang , Cesar Osorio , Luke Wicent Sy

International Classification of Diseases (ICD) are the de facto codes used globally for clinical coding. These codes enable healthcare providers to claim reimbursement and facilitate efficient storage and retrieval of diagnostic…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-02-22 Pavithra Rajendran , Alexandros Zenonos , Josh Spear , Rebecca Pope
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