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We investigate the effectiveness of reinforcement learning methods for finetuning large language models when transitioning from offline to semi-online to fully online regimes for both verifiable and non-verifiable tasks. Our experiments…

Offline Reinforcement Learning (RL) is structured to derive policies from static trajectory data without requiring real-time environment interactions. Recent studies have shown the feasibility of framing offline RL as a sequence modeling…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-09-01 Abdelghani Ghanem , Philippe Ciblat , Mounir Ghogho

Reinforcement learning (RL) is central to improving reasoning in large language models (LLMs) but typically requires ground-truth rewards. Test-Time Reinforcement Learning (TTRL) removes this need by using majority-vote rewards, but relies…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-06 Aleksei Arzhantsev , Otmane Sakhi , Flavian Vasile

Two central paradigms have emerged in the reinforcement learning (RL) community: online RL and offline RL. In the online RL setting, the agent has no prior knowledge of the environment, and must interact with it in order to find an…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-07-21 Andrew Wagenmaker , Aldo Pacchiano

This paper concerns the central issues of model robustness and sample efficiency in offline reinforcement learning (RL), which aims to learn to perform decision making from history data without active exploration. Due to uncertainties and…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-01-01 Laixi Shi , Yuejie Chi

Robotic systems that rely primarily on self-supervised learning have the potential to decrease the amount of human annotation and engineering effort required to learn control strategies. In the same way that prior robotic systems have…

Reasoning models excel in complex problem solving but exhibit a concerning trade off between reasoning capabilities and instruction following abilities. Existing approaches for improving instruction following rely on stronger external…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-08-05 Qingyu Ren , Qianyu He , Bowei Zhang , Jie Zeng , Jiaqing Liang , Yanghua Xiao , Weikang Zhou , Zeye Sun , Fei Yu

Reinforcement learning can enable robots to navigate to distant goals while optimizing user-specified reward functions, including preferences for following lanes, staying on paved paths, or avoiding freshly mowed grass. However, online…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2022-12-19 Dhruv Shah , Arjun Bhorkar , Hrish Leen , Ilya Kostrikov , Nick Rhinehart , Sergey Levine

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) defines the task of learning from a fixed batch of data. Due to errors in value estimation from out-of-distribution actions, most offline RL algorithms take the approach of constraining or regularizing…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-12-06 Scott Fujimoto , Shixiang Shane Gu

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) allows for the training of competent agents from offline datasets without any interaction with the environment. Online finetuning of such offline models can further improve performance. But how should we…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-03-31 Yicheng Luo , Jackie Kay , Edward Grefenstette , Marc Peter Deisenroth

Reinforcement learning (RL) has shown promise for decision-making tasks in real-world applications. One practical framework involves training parameterized policy models from an offline dataset and subsequently deploying them in an online…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-03-14 Ziniu Li , Ke Xu , Liu Liu , Lanqing Li , Deheng Ye , Peilin Zhao

Model-free reinforcement learning algorithms have exhibited great potential in solving single-task sequential decision-making problems with high-dimensional observations and long horizons, but are known to be hard to generalize across…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-05-30 Boyuan Chen , Chuning Zhu , Pulkit Agrawal , Kaiqing Zhang , Abhishek Gupta

Offline learning is a key part of making reinforcement learning (RL) useable in real systems. Offline RL looks at scenarios where there is data from a system's operation, but no direct access to the system when learning a policy. Recent…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-03-18 Arthur Argenson , Gabriel Dulac-Arnold

In recent years, challenging control problems became solvable with deep reinforcement learning (RL). To be able to use RL for large-scale real-world applications, a certain degree of reliability in their performance is necessary. Reported…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-11-11 Nirnai Rao , Elie Aljalbout , Axel Sauer , Sami Haddadin

Existing theoretical studies on offline reinforcement learning (RL) mostly consider a dataset sampled directly from the target task. In practice, however, data often come from several heterogeneous but related sources. Motivated by this…

机器学习 · 统计学 2023-06-16 Chengshuai Shi , Wei Xiong , Cong Shen , Jing Yang

Distributionally robust offline reinforcement learning (RL), which seeks robust policy training against environment perturbation by modeling dynamics uncertainty, calls for function approximations when facing large state-action spaces.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-03 Zhishuai Liu , Pan Xu

Despite their effectiveness and popularity in offline or model-based reinforcement learning (RL), transformers remain underexplored in online model-free RL due to their sensitivity to training setups and model design decisions such as how…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-16 Nikita Kachaev , Daniil Zelezetsky , Egor Cherepanov , Alexey K. Kovelev , Aleksandr I. Panov

Offline Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a promising approach for learning optimal policies in environments where direct exploration is expensive or unfeasible. However, the adoption of such policies in practice is often challenging, as they…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-11-03 Aaron Sonabend-W , Junwei Lu , Leo A. Celi , Tianxi Cai , Peter Szolovits

Reinforcement learning (RL) has achieved remarkable success in real-world decision-making across diverse domains, including gaming, robotics, online advertising, public health, and natural language processing. Despite these advances, a…

应用统计 · 统计学 2026-01-23 Asim H. Gazi , Yongyi Guo , Daiqi Gao , Ziping Xu , Kelly W. Zhang , Susan A. Murphy

Learning to act from observational data without active environmental interaction is a well-known challenge in Reinforcement Learning (RL). Recent approaches involve constraints on the learned policy or conservative updates, preventing…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-10-28 Georg Ostrovski , Pablo Samuel Castro , Will Dabney