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We present the first unified study of the efficiency of self-attention-based Transformer variants spanning text, speech and vision. We identify input length thresholds (tipping points) at which efficient Transformer variants become more…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-06-16 Anuj Diwan , Eunsol Choi , David Harwath

Efficient attentions have greatly improved the computational efficiency of Transformers. However, most existing linear attention mechanisms suffer from an \emph{efficiency degradation} problem, leading to inefficiencies in causal language…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-12-19 Jun Zhang , Shuyang Jiang , Jiangtao Feng , Lin Zheng , Lingpeng Kong

Transformers have demonstrated great success in numerous domains including natural language processing and bioinformatics. This success stems from the use of the attention mechanism by these models in order to represent and propagate…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-10 Nathaniel Tomczak , Sanmukh Kuppannagari

Understanding the inner workings of large language models (LLMs) is crucial for advancing their theoretical foundations and real-world applications. While the attention mechanism and multi-layer perceptrons (MLPs) have been studied…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-24 Clement Neo , Shay B. Cohen , Fazl Barez

Effective representation learning from text has been an active area of research in the fields of NLP and text mining. Attention mechanisms have been at the forefront in order to learn contextual sentence representations. Current…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2020-08-11 Sneha Mehta , Huzefa Rangwala , Naren Ramakrishnan

A longstanding challenge for the Machine Learning community is the one of developing models that are capable of processing and learning from very long sequences of data. The outstanding results of Transformers-based networks (e.g., Large…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-02-15 Matteo Tiezzi , Michele Casoni , Alessandro Betti , Tommaso Guidi , Marco Gori , Stefano Melacci

The quadratic complexity and weak length extrapolation of Transformers limits their ability to scale to long sequences, and while sub-quadratic solutions like linear attention and state space models exist, they empirically underperform…

Pre-trained language models have shown excellent results in few-shot learning scenarios using in-context learning. Although it is impressive, the size of language models can be prohibitive to make them usable in on-device applications, such…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-04-27 Navid Rezaei , Marek Z. Reformat

Long-context models are essential for many applications but face inefficiencies in loading large KV caches during decoding. Prior methods enforce fixed token budgets for sparse attention, assuming a set number of tokens can approximate full…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-19 Kan Zhu , Tian Tang , Qinyu Xu , Yile Gu , Zhichen Zeng , Rohan Kadekodi , Liangyu Zhao , Ang Li , Arvind Krishnamurthy , Baris Kasikci

We present the first comprehensive, large-scale study of training long-context vision language models up to 344K context, targeting long-document visual question answering with measured transfer to long-context text. While several such…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-04-01 Austin Veselka

With the attention mechanism, transformers achieve significant empirical successes. Despite the intuitive understanding that transformers perform relational inference over long sequences to produce desirable representations, we lack a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-04-02 Yufeng Zhang , Boyi Liu , Qi Cai , Lingxiao Wang , Zhaoran Wang

The quadratic computational complexity of standard attention mechanisms presents a severe scalability bottleneck for LLMs in long-context scenarios. While hybrid attention mechanisms combining Full Attention (FA) and Sparse Attention (SA)…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-10 Quantong Qiu , Zhiyi Hong , Yi Yang , Haitian Wang , Kebin Liu , Qingqing Dang , Juntao Li , Min Zhang

The quadratic computation complexity of self-attention has been a persistent challenge when applying Transformer models to vision tasks. Linear attention, on the other hand, offers a much more efficient alternative with its linear…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-09-04 Dongchen Han , Xuran Pan , Yizeng Han , Shiji Song , Gao Huang

Standard inference and training with transformer based architectures scale quadratically with input sequence length. This is prohibitively large for a variety of applications especially in web-page translation, query-answering etc.…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-03-20 Lovish Madaan , Srinadh Bhojanapalli , Himanshu Jain , Prateek Jain

Neural networks are surprisingly good at interpolating and perform remarkably well when the training set examples resemble those in the test set. However, they are often unable to extrapolate patterns beyond the seen data, even when the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-04-23 Yann Dubois , Gautier Dagan , Dieuwke Hupkes , Elia Bruni

Transformer-based models have emerged as one of the most widely used architectures for natural language processing, natural language generation, and image generation. The size of the state-of-the-art models has increased steadily reaching…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2025-01-15 Rya Sanovar , Srikant Bharadwaj , Renee St. Amant , Victor Rühle , Saravan Rajmohan

While Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate strong performance across domains, their long-context capabilities are limited by transient neural activations causing information decay and unstructured feed-forward network (FFN) weights…

神经元与认知 · 定量生物学 2026-04-13 Kangcong Li , Peng Ye , Chongjun Tu , Lin Zhang , Chunfeng Song , Jiamin Wu , Tao Yang , Qihao Zheng , Tao Chen

In-context learning (ICL) derives its power from enabling Large Language Models to adapt to new tasks via prompt-based reasoning alone, entirely bypassing the need for parameter updates. Existing theories primarily study ICL in single-task…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-28 Guangyu Li , Meng Ding , Lijie Hu

Large Language Diffusion Models, or diffusion LLMs, have emerged as a significant focus in NLP research, with substantial effort directed toward understanding their scalability and downstream task performance. However, their long-context…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-11-12 Xiaoran Liu , Yuerong Song , Zhigeng Liu , Zengfeng Huang , Qipeng Guo , Ziwei He , Xipeng Qiu

Transformer-based Language Models' computation and memory overhead increase quadratically as a function of sequence length. The quadratic cost poses challenges when employing LLMs for processing long sequences. In this work, we introduce…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-23 Kiarash Zahirnia , Zahra Golpayegani , Walid Ahmed , Yang Liu