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Linguistic Code-switching (CS) is still an understudied phenomenon in natural language processing. The NLP community has mostly focused on monolingual and multi-lingual scenarios, but little attention has been given to CS in particular.…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2020-05-05 Gustavo Aguilar , Thamar Solorio

Code-switching, also called code-mixing, is the linguistics phenomenon where in casual settings, multilingual speakers mix words from different languages in one utterance. Due to its spontaneous nature, code-switching is extremely…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-06-01 Shuyue Stella Li , Cihan Xiao , Tianjian Li , Bismarck Odoom

Code-switching (CS) refers to the phenomenon that languages switch within a speech signal and leads to language confusion for automatic speech recognition (ASR). This paper aims to address language confusion for improving CS-ASR from two…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2022-10-27 Hexin Liu , Haihua Xu , Leibny Paola Garcia , Andy W. H. Khong , Yi He , Sanjeev Khudanpur

Code-Switching, a common phenomenon in written text and conversation, has been studied over decades by the natural language processing (NLP) research community. Initially, code-switching is intensively explored by leveraging linguistic…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-05-26 Genta Indra Winata , Alham Fikri Aji , Zheng-Xin Yong , Thamar Solorio

Code-switching (CSW) is a common phenomenon among multilingual speakers where multiple languages are used in a single discourse or utterance. Mixed language utterances may still contain grammatical errors however, yet most existing Grammar…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-08-13 Kelvin Wey Han Chan , Christopher Bryant , Li Nguyen , Andrew Caines , Zheng Yuan

Code-switching is a data augmentation scheme mixing words from multiple languages into source lingual text. It has achieved considerable generalization performance of cross-lingual transfer tasks by aligning cross-lingual contextual word…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-06-21 Zhuoran Li , Chunming Hu , Junfan Chen , Zhijun Chen , Xiaohui Guo , Richong Zhang

Spoken language change detection (LCD) refers to identifying the language transitions in a code-switched utterance. Similarly, identifying the speaker transitions in a multispeaker utterance is known as speaker change detection (SCD). Since…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2024-06-19 Jagabandhu Mishra , S. R. Mahadeva Prasanna

Why do bilingual speakers code-switch (mix their two languages)? Among the several theories that attempt to explain this natural and ubiquitous phenomenon, the Triggering Hypothesis relates code-switching to the presence of lexical…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-08-30 Shuly Wintner , Safaa Shehadi , Yuli Zeira , Doreen Osmelak , Yuval Nov

While large language models (LLMs) exhibit strong multilingual abilities, their reliance on English as latent representations creates a translation barrier, where reasoning implicitly depends on internal translation into English. When this…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-08 Haneul Yoo , Jiho Jin , Kyunghyun Cho , Alice Oh

The advancement of multimodal large language models has accelerated the development of speech-to-speech interaction systems. While natural monolingual interaction has been achieved, we find existing models exhibit deficiencies in language…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-10 Heyang Liu , Yuhao Wang , Ziyang Cheng , Ronghua Wu , Qunshan Gu , Yanfeng Wang , Yu Wang

Recently, large pre-trained multilingual speech models have shown potential in scaling Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) to many low-resource languages. Some of these models employ language adapters in their formulation, which helps to…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-10-12 Atharva Kulkarni , Ajinkya Kulkarni , Miguel Couceiro , Hanan Aldarmaki

Data sparsity is a main problem hindering the development of code-switching (CS) NLP systems. In this paper, we investigate data augmentation techniques for synthesizing dialectal Arabic-English CS text. We perform lexical replacements…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-04-05 Injy Hamed , Nizar Habash , Slim Abdennadher , Ngoc Thang Vu

This paper examines the Code-Switching (CS) phenomenon where two languages intertwine within a single utterance. There exists a noticeable need for research on the CS between English and Korean. We highlight that the current Equivalence…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-12-23 Jangyeong Jeon , Sangyeon Cho , Minuk Ma , Junyoung Kim

Code-switching automatic speech recognition (CS-ASR) presents unique challenges due to language confusion introduced by spontaneous intra-sentence switching and accent bias that blurs the phonetic boundaries. Although the constituent…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2026-03-18 Hexin Liu , Haoyang Zhang , Qiquan Zhang , Xiangyu Zhang , Dongyuan Shi , Eng Siong Chng , Haizhou Li

The pervasiveness of intra-utterance code-switching (CS) in spoken content requires that speech recognition (ASR) systems handle mixed language. Designing a CS-ASR system has many challenges, mainly due to data scarcity, grammatical…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-01-12 Amir Hussein , Shammur Absar Chowdhury , Ahmed Abdelali , Najim Dehak , Ahmed Ali , Sanjeev Khudanpur

Language in the Arab world presents a complex diglossic and multilingual setting, involving the use of Modern Standard Arabic, various dialects and sub-dialects, as well as multiple European languages. This diverse linguistic landscape has…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-01-24 Injy Hamed , Caroline Sabty , Slim Abdennadher , Ngoc Thang Vu , Thamar Solorio , Nizar Habash

Code-switching (CS), the alternating use of two or more languages, challenges automatic speech recognition (ASR) due to scarce training data and linguistic similarities. The lack of dedicated CS datasets limits ASR performance, as most…

Code-switching (CS) speech translation (ST) aims to translate speech that alternates between multiple languages into a target language text, posing significant challenges due to the complexity of semantic modeling and the scarcity of CS…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-13 Yan Gao , Yazheng Yang , Zhibin Lan , Yidong Chen , Min Zhang , Daimeng Wei , Derek F. Wong , Jinsong Su

Code-mixing is increasingly prevalent in interactions between humans and large language models, yet existing work often reduces it to a translation or convertibility problem, making it difficult to assess whether a model's switching…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-26 Qingyan Yang , Tongxi Wang , Yunsheng Luo

With the advent of globalization, there is an increasing demand for multilingual automatic speech recognition (ASR), handling language and dialectal variation of spoken content. Recent studies show its efficacy over monolingual systems. In…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2021-07-06 Shammur Absar Chowdhury , Amir Hussein , Ahmed Abdelali , Ahmed Ali