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Recent advances in image data processing through machine learning and especially deep neural networks (DNNs) allow for new optimization and performance-enhancement schemes for radiation detectors and imaging hardware through data-endowed…

Cracks and keyhole pores are detrimental defects in alloys produced by laser directed energy deposition (LDED). Laser-material interaction sound may hold information about underlying complex physical events such as crack propagation and…

Fluorescence microscopy plays a vital role in understanding the subcellular structures of living cells. However, it requires considerable effort in sample preparation related to chemical fixation, staining, cost, and time. To reduce those…

Optic disc and cup segmentation plays a crucial role in automating the screening and diagnosis of optic glaucoma. While data-driven convolutional neural networks (CNNs) show promise in this area, the inherent ambiguity of segmenting objects…

In robotic surgery, task automation and learning from demonstration combined with human supervision is an emerging trend for many new surgical robot platforms. One such task is automated anastomosis, which requires bimanual needle handling…

Deep learning using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) has been shown to significantly out-performed many conventional vision algorithms. Despite efforts to increase the CNN efficiency both algorithmically and with specialized hardware,…

Lung ultrasound imaging is reaching growing interest from the scientific community. On one side, thanks to its harmlessness and high descriptive power, this kind of diagnostic imaging has been largely adopted in sensitive applications, like…

Ultrasound imaging is a commonly used modality for several diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. However, the diagnosis by ultrasound relies heavily on the quality of images assessed manually by sonographers, which diminishes the…

Deep learning has achieved remarkable success in medical image analysis, however its adoption in clinical practice is limited by a lack of interpretability. These models often make correct predictions without explaining their reasoning.…

Deep learning implemented with convolutional network architectures can exceed specialists' diagnostic accuracy. However, whole-image deep learning trained on a given dataset may not generalize to other datasets. The problem arises because…

Supervised deep learning for semantic segmentation has achieved excellent results in accurately identifying anatomical and pathological structures in medical images. However, it often requires large annotated training datasets, which limits…

Precise needle alignment is essential for percutaneous needle insertion in robotic ultrasound-guided procedures. However, inherent challenges such as speckle noise, needle-like artifacts, and low image resolution make robust needle…

Deep learning based methods have seen a massive rise in popularity for hyperspectral image classification over the past few years. However, the success of deep learning is attributed greatly to numerous labeled samples. It is still very…

Recent studies have demonstrated the superiority of deep learning in medical image analysis, especially in cell instance segmentation, a fundamental step for many biological studies. However, the excellent performance of the neural networks…

This paper tries to give a gentle introduction to deep learning in medical image processing, proceeding from theoretical foundations to applications. We first discuss general reasons for the popularity of deep learning, including several…

Photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) has been a promising biomedical imaging technology in recent years. However, the point-by-point scanning mechanism results in low-speed imaging, which limits the application of PAM. Reducing sampling density…

Deep learning (DL) powered biomedical ultrasound imaging is an emerging research field where researchers adapt the image analysis capabilities of DL algorithms to biomedical ultrasound imaging settings. A major roadblock to wider adoption…

Two-photon excitation fluorescence (2PEF) allows imaging of tissue up to about one millimeter in thickness. Typically, reducing fluorescence excitation exposure reduces the quality of the image. However, using deep learning super resolution…

Ultrasound-based risk stratification of thyroid nodules is a critical clinical task, but it suffers from high inter-observer variability. While many deep learning (DL) models function as "black boxes," we propose a fully automated,…

Deep learning based image segmentation has achieved the state-of-the-art performance in many medical applications such as lesion quantification, organ detection, etc. However, most of the methods rely on supervised learning, which require a…