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The particle momentum anisotropy ($v_n$) produced in relativistic nuclear collisions is considered to be a response of the initial geometry or the spatial anisotropy $\epsilon_n$ of the system formed in these collisions. The linear…

The transverse momenta of hadrons in central nucleus-nucleus collisions are evaluated in a boost invariant hydrodynamics with transverse expansion. Quark gluon plasma is assumed to be formed in the initial state which expands and cools via…

核理论 · 物理学 2009-11-07 Dinesh Kumar Srivastava

Even though the total hadronic nucleus-nucleus cross section is among the most fundamental observables, it has only recently been measured precisely for lead-lead collisions at the LHC. This measurement implies the nucleon width should be…

核理论 · 物理学 2022-12-14 Govert Nijs , Wilke van der Schee

Long-range multi-particle correlations in heavy-ion collisions have shown conclusive evidence of the hydrodynamic behavior of strongly interacting matter and are associated with the final-state azimuthal momentum anisotropy. In small…

核理论 · 物理学 2025-06-17 Aswathy Menon K R , Suraj Prasad , Neelkamal Mallick , Raghunath Sahoo

We study the effects of nucleon substructure on bulk observables in proton-lead collisions at the LHC using Bayesian methodology. Substructure is added to the TRENTO parametric initial condition model using Gaussian nucleons with a variable…

核理论 · 物理学 2018-03-14 J. Scott Moreland , Jonah E. Bernhard , Weiyao Ke , Steffen A. Bass

How can we gain a detailed insight into the hydrodynamic response of the system created in heavy ion collisions to the fluctuating initial geometry and viscous effects? Do we create a strongly interacting medium in proton-nucleus and…

核实验 · 物理学 2021-05-18 Georgios Konstantinos Krintiras

We use (3+1)-dimensional hydrodynamics with exact longitudinal boost-invariance to study the influence of collision centrality and initial energy density on the transverse flow pattern and the angular distributions of particles emitted near…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2009-10-09 Peter F. Kolb , Josef Sollfrank , Ulrich Heinz

We study the transverse momentum ($p_T$) differential anisotropic flow and flow fluctuation in Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$=5.02 TeV at the LHC. A (3+1)-dimensional CLVisc hydrodynamics framework with fluctuating TRENTO (or AMPT)…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2024-01-30 Jie Zhu , Xiang-Yu Wu , Guang-You Qin

Quantum fluctuations plays an essential role in forming the collective flow of hadrons observed in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Event-by-event fluctuations of the collective flow can arise from various sources, such as the…

核理论 · 物理学 2024-07-09 Xinrong Chen , Xiang-Yu Wu , Shanshan Cao , Guang-You Qin

Flow observables in heavy-ion reactions at incident energies up to about 1 GeV per nucleon have been shown to be very useful for investigating the reaction dynamics and for determining the parameters of reaction models based on transport…

核实验 · 物理学 2014-03-25 P. Russotto , M. D. Cozma , A. Le Fevre , Y. Leifels , R. Lemmon , Q. Li , J. Lukasik , W. Trautmann

The observation of collective flow phenomena in small collision systems challenges our understanding of quark-gluon plasma (QGP) formation and evolution. This complexity lies in the initial geometries, which are influenced by both nucleon…

核实验 · 物理学 2025-10-23 STAR Collaboration

Relativistic heavy ion collisions have reached energies that enable the creation of a novel state of matter termed the quark-gluon plasma. Many observables point to a picture of the medium as rapidly equilibrating and expanding as a nearly…

核理论 · 物理学 2011-07-19 James L. Nagle , Ian G. Bearden , William A. Zajc

Recent experimental results in proton-proton and in proton-nucleus collisions at Large Hadron Collider energies show a strong similarity to those observed in nucleus-nucleus collisions, where the formation of a quark-gluon plasma is…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2020-05-20 Paolo Castorina , Alfredo Iorio , Daniele Lanteri , Martin Spousta , Helmut Satz

Azimuthal anisotropy is a key observation made in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions. This phenomenon has played a crucial role in the development of the field over the last two decades. In addition to its interest for studying the…

核实验 · 物理学 2023-10-20 Jean-Yves Ollitrault

We study transverse momentum anisotropies, in particular, the elliptic flow $v_2$ due to the interference effect sourced by valence quarks in high-energy hadron-hadron collisions. Our main formula is derived as the high-energy (eikonal)…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2025-05-14 Meijian Li , Wenyang Qian , Bin Wu , Hong Zhang

In the hydrodynamic framework of heavy-ion collisions, elliptic flow, $v_2$, is sensitive to the quadrupole deformation, $\beta$, of the colliding ions. This enables one to test whether the established knowledge on the low-energy structure…

核理论 · 物理学 2022-01-04 Giuliano Giacalone , Jiangyong Jia , Chunjian Zhang

The scaling behaviors of anisotropic flows of light charged particles are studied for 25 \,MeV/nucleon $^{40}$Ca+$^{40}$Ca collisions at different impact parameters by the isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics model. The number of…

核理论 · 物理学 2015-06-17 Tingzhi Yan , Shan Li

The exploration of properties of an extreme state of matter, the Quark--Gluon Plasma, has broken new ground with the recent Run 2 operation of the Large Hadron Collider with heavy-ion collisions at the highest energy to date. With the…

核实验 · 物理学 2016-05-23 Ante Bilandzic

Anisotropic flow phenomena is a key probe of the existence of Quark-Gluon Plasma. Several new observable associated with correlations between anisotropic flow harmonics are developed, which are expected to be sensitive to the initial…

核实验 · 物理学 2016-07-20 You Zhou

Nuclei having $4n$ number of nucleons are theorized to possess clusters of $\alpha$ particles ($^4$He nucleus). The Oxygen nucleus ($^{16}$O) is a doubly magic nucleus, where the presence of an $\alpha$-clustered nuclear structure grants…