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The softmax layer in neural machine translation is designed to model the distribution over mutually exclusive tokens. Machine translation, however, is intrinsically uncertain: the same source sentence can have multiple semantically…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-05-03 Felix Stahlberg , Shankar Kumar

In self-supervised learning for speaker recognition, pseudo labels are useful as the supervision signals. It is a known fact that a speaker recognition model doesn't always benefit from pseudo labels due to their unreliability. In this…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2022-07-15 Ruijie Tao , Kong Aik Lee , Rohan Kumar Das , Ville Hautamäki , Haizhou Li

This paper proposes a novel formulation of prototypical loss with mixup for speaker verification. Mixup is a simple yet efficient data augmentation technique that fabricates a weighted combination of random data point and label pairs for…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2022-07-13 Xin Zhang , Minho Jin , Roger Cheng , Ruirui Li , Eunjung Han , Andreas Stolcke

Speech enhancement improves speech quality and promotes the performance of various downstream tasks. However, most current speech enhancement work was mainly devoted to improving the performance of downstream automatic speech recognition…

声音 · 计算机科学 2022-09-16 Jianrong Wang , Xiaomin Li , Xuewei Li , Mei Yu , Qiang Fang , Li Liu

Softmax is the de facto standard in modern neural networks for language processing when it comes to normalizing logits. However, by producing a dense probability distribution each token in the vocabulary has a nonzero chance of being…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-05-20 Maxat Tezekbayev , Vassilina Nikoulina , Matthias Gallé , Zhenisbek Assylbekov

Adversarial robustness has become an important research topic given empirical demonstrations on the lack of robustness of deep neural networks. Unfortunately, recent theoretical results suggest that adversarial training induces a strict…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-03-25 Matt Olfat , Anil Aswani

Audio deepfake detection (ADD) is crucial to combat the misuse of speech synthesized from generative AI models. Existing ADD models suffer from generalization issues, with a large performance discrepancy between in-domain and out-of-domain…

声音 · 计算机科学 2024-07-29 Yi Zhu , Surya Koppisetti , Trang Tran , Gaurav Bharaj

Nowadays artificial neural network models achieve remarkable results in many disciplines. Functions mapping the representation provided by the model to the probability distribution are the inseparable aspect of deep learning solutions.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-04-24 Klaudia Bałazy , Łukasz Struski , Marek Śmieja , Jacek Tabor

In this paper we propose and analyse a large margin fine-tuning strategy and a quality-aware score calibration in text-independent speaker verification. Large margin fine-tuning is a secondary training stage for DNN based speaker…

声音 · 计算机科学 2021-06-29 Jenthe Thienpondt , Brecht Desplanques , Kris Demuynck

Large language models (LLMs) have made transformed changes for human society. One of the key computation in LLMs is the softmax unit. This operation is important in LLMs because it allows the model to generate a distribution over possible…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-04-27 Yichuan Deng , Zhihang Li , Zhao Song

Large language models (LLMs), known for their comprehension capabilities and extensive knowledge, have been increasingly applied to recommendation systems (RS). Given the fundamental gap between the mechanism of LLMs and the requirement of…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2025-06-10 Bohao Wang , Feng Liu , Jiawei Chen , Xingyu Lou , Changwang Zhang , Jun Wang , Yuegang Sun , Yan Feng , Chun Chen , Can Wang

The use of contrastive loss for representation learning has become prominent in computer vision, and it is now getting attention in Natural Language Processing (NLP). Here, we explore the idea of using a batch-softmax contrastive loss when…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2021-11-01 Anton Chernyavskiy , Dmitry Ilvovsky , Pavel Kalinin , Preslav Nakov

The performances of the automatic speaker verification (ASV) systems degrade due to the reduction in the amount of speech used for enrollment and verification. Combining multiple systems based on different features and classifiers…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2019-02-01 Arnab Poddar , Md Sahidullah , Goutam Saha

The softmax loss and its variants are widely used as objectives for embedding learning, especially in applications like face recognition. However, the intra- and inter-class objectives in the softmax loss are entangled, therefore a…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2020-02-13 Lanqing He , Zhongdao Wang , Yali Li , Shengjin Wang

Neural machine translation (NMT) models are typically trained using a softmax cross-entropy loss where the softmax distribution is compared against smoothed gold labels. In low-resource scenarios, NMT models tend to over-fit because the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2020-09-22 Raj Dabre , Atsushi Fujita

The softmax function is a widely used activation function in the output layers of neural networks, responsible for converting raw scores into class probabilities while introducing essential non-linearity. Implementing Softmax efficiently…

Loss functions play a key role in training superior deep neural networks. In convolutional neural networks (CNNs), the popular cross entropy loss together with softmax does not explicitly guarantee minimization of intra-class variance or…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2019-04-26 XiaoBin Li , WeiQiang Wang

Label noise and class imbalance commonly coexist in real-world data. Previous works for robust learning, however, usually address either one type of the data biases and underperform when facing them both. To mitigate this gap, this work…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-09-06 Shenwang Jiang , Jianan Li , Jizhou Zhang , Ying Wang , Tingfa Xu

In Sound Event Detection (SED) systems, the lengths of median filters for post-processing have never been optimized during training due to several problems. No gradient is received by the lengths so they cannot be learned during…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2021-03-23 Fengnian Zhao , Ruwei Li , Xin Liu , Liwen Xu

Classifiers in natural language processing (NLP) often have a large number of output classes. For example, neural language models (LMs) and machine translation (MT) models both predict tokens from a vocabulary of thousands. The Softmax…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-03-22 Andreas Grivas , Nikolay Bogoychev , Adam Lopez