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Large language models (LLMs) inevitably make mistakes when performing step-by-step mathematical reasoning. Process Reward Models (PRMs) have emerged as a promising solution by evaluating each reasoning step. However, existing PRMs typically…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-03-28 Shuaijie She , Junxiao Liu , Yifeng Liu , Jiajun Chen , Xin Huang , Shujian Huang

In offline reinforcement learning (RL), the goal is to learn a highly rewarding policy based solely on a dataset of historical interactions with the environment. The ability to train RL policies offline can greatly expand the applicability…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-03-03 Rahul Kidambi , Aravind Rajeswaran , Praneeth Netrapalli , Thorsten Joachims

Strong worst-case performance bounds for episodic reinforcement learning exist but fortunately in practice RL algorithms perform much better than such bounds would predict. Algorithms and theory that provide strong problem-dependent bounds…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-11-05 Andrea Zanette , Emma Brunskill

We extend Neural Processes (NPs) to sequential data through Recurrent NPs or RNPs, a family of conditional state space models. RNPs model the state space with Neural Processes. Given time series observed on fast real-world time scales but…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-11-07 Timon Willi , Jonathan Masci , Jürgen Schmidhuber , Christian Osendorfer

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) are emerging as versatile foundations for mixed-modality retrieval. Yet, they often require heavy post-hoc training to convert them into contrastive encoders for retrieval. This work asks: Can…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-05-26 Yuhan Zhu , Xiangyu Zeng , Chenting Wang , Xinhao Li , Chunxu Liu , Yicheng Xu , Ziang Yan , Yi Wang , Limin Wang

Preference-based reinforcement learning (PbRL) can enable robots to learn to perform tasks based on an individual's preferences without requiring a hand-crafted reward function. However, existing approaches either assume access to a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-02-13 Yi Liu , Gaurav Datta , Ellen Novoseller , Daniel S. Brown

Recent advances in large language models have demonstrated the promise of unsupervised reinforcement learning (RL) methods for enhancing reasoning capabilities without external supervision. However, the generalizability of these label-free…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-10 Shuvendu Roy , Hossein Hajimirsadeghi , Mengyao Zhai , Golnoosh Samei

Large Language Models (LLMs) have made substantial strides in structured tasks through Reinforcement Learning (RL), demonstrating proficiency in mathematical reasoning and code generation. However, applying RL in broader domains like…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-02-10 Hao Sun , Yunyi Shen , Jean-Francois Ton , Mihaela van der Schaar

Fueled by their remarkable ability to tackle diverse tasks across multiple domains, large language models (LLMs) have grown at an unprecedented rate, with some recent models containing trillions of parameters. This growth is accompanied by…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-30 Athanasios Glentis , Jiaxiang Li , Qiulin Shang , Andi Han , Ioannis Tsaknakis , Quan Wei , Mingyi Hong

We examine the question of when and how parametric models are most useful in reinforcement learning. In particular, we look at commonalities and differences between parametric models and experience replay. Replay-based learning algorithms…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-09-18 Hado van Hasselt , Matteo Hessel , John Aslanides

Reinforcement learning (RL) with outcome-based rewards has proven effective for improving large language models (LLMs) on complex reasoning tasks. However, its success often depends on the base model occasionally sampling correct solutions.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-07 Jatin Prakash , Anirudh Buvanesh

In this paper, we focus on the problem of robustifying reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms with respect to model uncertainties. Indeed, in the framework of model-based RL, we propose to merge the theory of constrained Markov decision…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-10-13 Reazul Hasan Russel , Mouhacine Benosman , Jeroen Van Baar

This project reproduces and extends the recently proposed ``Recursive Language Models'' (RLMs) framework by Zhang et al. (2026). This framework enables Large Language Models (LLMs) to process near-infinite contexts by offloading the prompt…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-04 Daren Wang

We study strategy synthesis for partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs). The particular problem is to determine strategies that provably adhere to (probabilistic) temporal logic constraints. This problem is computationally…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2019-03-22 Steven Carr , Nils Jansen , Ralf Wimmer , Alexandru C. Serban , Bernd Becker , Ufuk Topcu

As a paradigm for sequential decision making in unknown environments, reinforcement learning (RL) has received a flurry of attention in recent years. However, the explosion of model complexity in emerging applications and the presence of…

机器学习 · 统计学 2025-07-22 Yuejie Chi , Yuxin Chen , Yuting Wei

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for solving complex decision-making problems. However, DRL-based systems still face significant dependability challenges particularly in real-time environments due to the…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2026-03-25 Guoxin Su , Thomas Robinson , Hoa Khanh Dam , Li Liu , David S. Rosenblum

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) enables learning control policies by utilizing only prior experience, without any online interaction. This can allow robots to acquire generalizable skills from large and diverse datasets, without any…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-09-24 Aviral Kumar , Anikait Singh , Stephen Tian , Chelsea Finn , Sergey Levine

Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms can solve challenging control problems directly from image observations, but they often require millions of environment interactions to do so. Recently, model-based RL algorithms have greatly improved…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-06-16 Yifan Xu , Nicklas Hansen , Zirui Wang , Yung-Chieh Chan , Hao Su , Zhuowen Tu

Process Reward Models (PRMs) emerge as a promising approach for process supervision in mathematical reasoning of Large Language Models (LLMs), which aim to identify and mitigate intermediate errors in the reasoning processes. However, the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-06 Zhenru Zhang , Chujie Zheng , Yangzhen Wu , Beichen Zhang , Runji Lin , Bowen Yu , Dayiheng Liu , Jingren Zhou , Junyang Lin

Learning a sequence of tasks without access to i.i.d. observations is a widely studied form of continual learning (CL) that remains challenging. In principle, Bayesian learning directly applies to this setting, since recursive and one-off…