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The feedforward (FFW) layers in standard transformer architectures incur a linear increase in computational costs and activation memory as the hidden layer width grows. Sparse mixture-of-experts (MoE) architectures have emerged as a viable…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-07-08 Xu Owen He

Employing a monaural speech separation (SS) model as a front-end for automatic speech recognition (ASR) involves balancing two kinds of trade-offs. First, while a larger model improves the SS performance, it also requires a higher…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2023-06-01 Xiaofei Wang , Zhuo Chen , Yu Shi , Jian Wu , Naoyuki Kanda , Takuya Yoshioka

Sparse mixture of experts provides larger model capacity while requiring a constant computational overhead. It employs the routing mechanism to distribute input tokens to the best-matched experts according to their hidden representations.…

Larger networks generally have greater representational power at the cost of increased computational complexity. Sparsifying such networks has been an active area of research but has been generally limited to static regularization or…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2019-04-15 Xin Wang , Fisher Yu , Lisa Dunlap , Yi-An Ma , Ruth Wang , Azalia Mirhoseini , Trevor Darrell , Joseph E. Gonzalez

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models enable efficient scaling of large language models (LLMs) by activating only a subset of experts per input. However, we observe that the commonly used auxiliary load balancing loss often leads to expert…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-27 Hongcan Guo , Haolang Lu , Guoshun Nan , Bolun Chu , Jialin Zhuang , Yuan Yang , Wenhao Che , Xinye Cao , Sicong Leng , Qimei Cui , Xudong Jiang

The sparse Mixture of Experts(MoE) architecture has evolved as a powerful approach for scaling deep learning models to more parameters with comparable computation cost. As an important branch of large language model(LLM), MoE model only…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-10 Dong Pan , Bingtao Li , Yongsheng Zheng , Jiren Ma , Victor Fei

Scaling the size of a model enhances its capabilities but significantly increases computation complexity. Mixture-of-Experts models (MoE) address the issue by allowing model size to scale up without substantially increasing training or…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-08-30 Zhenpeng Su , Zijia Lin , Xue Bai , Xing Wu , Yizhe Xiong , Haoran Lian , Guangyuan Ma , Hui Chen , Guiguang Ding , Wei Zhou , Songlin Hu

Transformer-based neural networks have achieved state-of-the-art task performance in a number of machine learning domains including natural language processing and computer vision. To further improve their accuracy, recent work has explored…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-09-01 Salar Latifi , Saurav Muralidharan , Michael Garland

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) enhances model performance while maintaining computational efficiency, making it well-suited for large-scale applications. Conventional mixture-of-experts (MoE) architectures suffer from suboptimal coordination…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-09-24 Yujiao Yang , Jing Lian , Linhui Li

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models can scale parameter capacity by routing each token to a subset of experts through a learned gate function. While conditional routing reduces training costs, it shifts the burden on inference memory: expert…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-07 Rana Shahout , Colin Cai , Yilun Du , Minlan Yu , Michael Mitzenmacher

Transformer-based Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models have been driving several recent technological advancements in Natural Language Processing (NLP). These MoE models adopt a router mechanism to determine which experts to activate for routing…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-09-11 Maryam Akhavan Aghdam , Hongpeng Jin , Yanzhao Wu

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) has emerged as a powerful framework for multi-task learning (MTL). However, existing MoE-MTL methods often rely on single-task pretrained backbones and suffer from redundant adaptation and inefficient knowledge…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-10-02 Minghao Yang , Ren Togo , Guang Li , Takahiro Ogawa , Miki Haseyama

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) language models can reduce computational costs by 2-4$\times$ compared to dense models without sacrificing performance, making them more efficient in computation-bounded scenarios. However, MoE models generally…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-04-09 Bowen Pan , Yikang Shen , Haokun Liu , Mayank Mishra , Gaoyuan Zhang , Aude Oliva , Colin Raffel , Rameswar Panda

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models have gained popularity as a means of scaling the capacity of large language models (LLMs) while maintaining sparse activations and reduced per-token compute. However, in memory-constrained inference settings,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-23 Vivan Madan , Prajwal Singhania , Abhinav Bhatele , Tom Goldstein , Ashwinee Panda

Continuous control tasks often involve high-dimensional, dynamic, and non-linear environments. State-of-the-art performance in these tasks is achieved through complex closed-box policies that are effective, but suffer from an inherent…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-06 Mátyás Vincze , Laura Ferrarotti , Leonardo Lucio Custode , Bruno Lepri , Giovanni Iacca

Sparse autoencoders (SAEs) have emerged as a powerful tool for interpreting large language models (LLMs) by decomposing token activations into combinations of human-understandable features. While SAEs provide crucial insights into LLM…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-11 Zhen Xu , Zhen Tan , Song Wang , Kaidi Xu , Tianlong Chen

Sparse expert models are a thirty-year old concept re-emerging as a popular architecture in deep learning. This class of architecture encompasses Mixture-of-Experts, Switch Transformers, Routing Networks, BASE layers, and others, all with…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-09-07 William Fedus , Jeff Dean , Barret Zoph

Mixture of Experts (MoE) architecture has become the standard for state-of-the-art large language models, owing to its computational efficiency through sparse expert activation. However, sparsity through finer expert granularity is becoming…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-12 Jongseok Park , Sunga Kim , Zhenyu Gu , Ion Stoica , Alvin Cheung

Mixture-of-Experts models, now popular for scaling capacity at fixed inference speed, switch experts at nearly every token. Once a model outgrows available GPU memory, this churn can render optimizations like offloading and pre-fetching…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-23 Zeyu Shen , Peter Henderson

Larger transformer models always perform better on various tasks but require more costs to scale up the model size. To efficiently enlarge models, the mixture-of-experts (MoE) architecture is widely adopted, which consists of a gate network…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2024-11-14 Xiaonan Nie , Qibin Liu , Fangcheng Fu , Shenhan Zhu , Xupeng Miao , Xiaoyang Li , Yang Zhang , Shouda Liu , Bin Cui