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We propose a new objective, the counterfactual objective, unifying existing objectives for off-policy policy gradient algorithms in the continuing reinforcement learning (RL) setting. Compared to the commonly used excursion objective, which…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-10-29 Shangtong Zhang , Wendelin Boehmer , Shimon Whiteson

In reinforcement learning (RL), temporal difference (TD) error is known to be related to the firing rate of dopamine neurons. It has been observed that each dopamine neuron does not behave uniformly, but each responds to the TD error in an…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-09 Taisuke Kobayashi

We propose self-adaptive training---a new training algorithm that dynamically corrects problematic training labels by model predictions without incurring extra computational cost---to improve generalization of deep learning for potentially…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-10-01 Lang Huang , Chao Zhang , Hongyang Zhang

One of the key challenges that Reinforcement Learning (RL) faces is its limited capability to adapt to a change of data distribution caused by uncertainties. This challenge arises especially in RL systems using deep neural networks as…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-17 Amornyos Horprasert , Esa Apriaskar , Xingyu Liu , Lanlan Su , Lyudmila S. Mihaylova

This paper introduces two simple techniques to improve off-policy Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms. First, we formulate off-policy RL as a stochastic proximal point iteration. The target network plays the role of the variable of…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-08-04 Marco Maggipinto , Gian Antonio Susto , Pratik Chaudhari

Distributional reinforcement learning algorithms have attempted to utilize estimated uncertainty for exploration, such as optimism in the face of uncertainty. However, using the estimated variance for optimistic exploration may cause biased…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-12-06 Taehyun Cho , Seungyub Han , Heesoo Lee , Kyungjae Lee , Jungwoo Lee

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) methods can generally be categorized into two types: RL-based and Imitation-based. RL-based methods could in principle enjoy out-of-distribution generalization but suffer from erroneous off-policy…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-04-06 Haoran Xu , Li Jiang , Jianxiong Li , Xianyuan Zhan

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) defines the task of learning from a fixed batch of data. Due to errors in value estimation from out-of-distribution actions, most offline RL algorithms take the approach of constraining or regularizing…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-12-06 Scott Fujimoto , Shixiang Shane Gu

Policy optimization, which finds the desired policy by maximizing value functions via optimization techniques, lies at the heart of reinforcement learning (RL). In addition to value maximization, other practical considerations arise as…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-01-12 Wenhao Zhan , Shicong Cen , Baihe Huang , Yuxin Chen , Jason D. Lee , Yuejie Chi

Reinforcement Learning (RL) in partially observable environments poses significant challenges due to the complexity of learning under uncertainty. While additional information, such as that available in simulations, can enhance training,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-16 Yueheng Li , Guangming Xie , Zongqing Lu

Off-policy evaluation (OPE) and off-policy learning (OPL) are foundational for decision-making in offline contextual bandits. Recent advances in OPL primarily optimize OPE estimators with improved statistical properties, assuming that…

机器学习 · 统计学 2025-09-04 Imad Aouali , Otmane Sakhi

Deep reinforcement learning (RL) has shown remarkable success in specific offline decision-making scenarios, yet its theoretical guarantees are still under development. Existing works on offline RL theory primarily emphasize a few trivial…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-12-20 Di Wu , Yuling Jiao , Li Shen , Haizhao Yang , Xiliang Lu

General Value Function (GVF) is a powerful tool to represent both the {\em predictive} and {\em retrospective} knowledge in reinforcement learning (RL). In practice, often multiple interrelated GVFs need to be evaluated jointly with…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-07-07 Tengyu Xu , Zhuoran Yang , Zhaoran Wang , Yingbin Liang

Recently, robust reinforcement learning (RL) methods designed to handle adversarial input observations have received significant attention, motivated by RL's inherent vulnerabilities. While existing approaches have demonstrated reasonable…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-23 Kosuke Nakanishi , Akihiro Kubo , Yuji Yasui , Shin Ishii

Reinforcement learning (RL) has achieved phenomenal success in various domains. However, its data-driven nature also introduces new vulnerabilities that can be exploited by malicious opponents. Recent work shows that a well-trained RL agent…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-03-08 Xiaolin Sun , Zizhan Zheng

In this paper we introduce the idea of improving the performance of parametric temporal-difference (TD) learning algorithms by selectively emphasizing or de-emphasizing their updates on different time steps. In particular, we show that…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2016-07-21 Richard S. Sutton , A. Rupam Mahmood , Martha White

A key problem in off-policy Reinforcement Learning (RL) is the mismatch, or distribution shift, between the dataset and the distribution over states and actions visited by the learned policy. This problem is exacerbated in the fully offline…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-11-28 Melrose Roderick , Gaurav Manek , Felix Berkenkamp , J. Zico Kolter

We propose a new methodology for parameterized constrained robust optimization, an important class of optimization problems under uncertainty, based on learning with a self-supervised penalty-based loss function. Whereas supervised learning…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2025-03-10 Wyame Benslimane , Paul Grigas

In offline reinforcement learning, weighted regression is a common method to ensure the learned policy stays close to the behavior policy and to prevent selecting out-of-sample actions. In this work, we show that due to the limited…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-03-01 Huayu Chen , Cheng Lu , Chengyang Ying , Hang Su , Jun Zhu

Offline Goal-Conditioned RL (GCRL) offers a feasible paradigm for learning general-purpose policies from diverse and multi-task offline datasets. Despite notable recent progress, the predominant offline GCRL methods, mainly model-free, face…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-05-17 Mianchu Wang , Rui Yang , Xi Chen , Hao Sun , Meng Fang , Giovanni Montana