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The Kirchhoff`s law of thermal radiation stating the equivalence of emissivity and absorptivity at the same wavelength, angle, and polarization, has completely constrained emission and absorption processes. Achieving strong nonreciprocal…

光学 · 物理学 2025-09-22 Zhenong Zhang , Alireza Kalantari Dehaghi , Pramit Ghosh , Linxiao Zhu

Kirchhoff s law is one of the most fundamental law in thermal radiation. The violation of traditional Kirchhoff s law provides opportunities for higher energy conversion efficiency. Various micro-structures have been proposed to realize…

光学 · 物理学 2025-03-07 Jun Wu , Feng Wu , Tiancheng Zhao , Mauro Antezza , Xiaohu Wu

Spectral/angular emissivity $e$ and absorptivity ${\alpha}$ of an object are widely believed to be identical by Kirchhoff's law of thermal radiation in reciprocal systems, but this introduces an intrinsic and inevitable energy loss for…

光学 · 物理学 2023-09-14 Mengqi Liu , Shuang Xia , Wenjian Wan , Jun Qin , Hua Li , Changying Zhao , Lei Bi , Cheng-Wei Qiu

The ability to break Kirchhoff s law is of fundamental importance in thermal radiation. Various nonreciprocal emitters have been proposed to break the balance between absorption and emission. However, the thicknesses of the nonreciprocal…

介观与纳米尺度物理 · 物理学 2021-09-29 Jun Wu , Zhongmin Wang , Han Zhai , Zhangxing Shi , Xiaohu Wu , Feng Wu

Nonreciprocal thermal emitters that break the conventional Kirchhoff's law allow independent control of emissivity and absorptivity and promise exciting new functionalities in controlling heat flow for thermal and energy applications. In…

Kirchhoff's law of thermal radiation imposes a constraint on photon-based energy harvesting processes since part of the incident energy flux is inevitably emitted back to the source. By breaking the reciprocity of the system, it is possible…

光学 · 物理学 2021-08-19 Yubin Park , Viktar S. Asadchy , Bo Zhao , Cheng Guo , Jiahui Wang , Shanhui Fan

Objects around us constantly emit and absorb thermal radiation. The emission and absorption processes are governed by two fundamental radiative properties: emissivity and absorptivity.For reciprocal systems, the emissivity and absorptivity…

光学 · 物理学 2020-03-18 Bo Zhao , Cheng Guo , Christina A. C. Garcia , Prineha Narang , Shanhui Fan

Nonreciprocal thermal emitters that break Kirchhoff's law of thermal radiation promise exciting applications for thermal and energy applications. The design of the bandwidth and angular range of the nonreciprocal effect, which directly…

材料科学 · 物理学 2024-09-17 Bach Do , Sina Jafari Ghalekohneh , Taiwo Adebiyi , Bo Zhao , Ruda Zhang

Kirchhoff's law of thermal radiation, which dictates that the emissivity of a surface equals its absorptivity under thermal equilibrium, which dictates that the emissivity of a surface equals its absorptivity under thermal equilibrium,…

Nonreciprocal elements are a vital building block of electrical and optical systems. In the infrared regime, there is a particular interest in structures that break reciprocity because their thermal absorptive (and emissive) properties…

光学 · 物理学 2022-03-15 Komron Shayegan , Bo Zhao , Yonghwi Kim , Shanhui Fan , Harry Atwater

The equality between the spectral, directional emittance and absorptance of an object under local thermal equilibrium is known as Kirchhoff's law of radiation. The breakdown of Kirchhoff's law of radiation is physically allowed by breaking…

介观与纳米尺度物理 · 物理学 2020-05-05 Yoichiro Tsurimaki , Xin Qian , Simo Pajovic , Fei Han , Mingda Li , Gang Chen

Thermal radiation is strictly governed by Kirchhoff s law to reach thermal equilibrium. The violation of Kirchhoff s law decouples nonreciprocally the equity between absorptivity and emissivity, enabling exotic thermal engineering…

光学 · 物理学 2025-06-11 R. Ma , Y. Yu , Y. Sun , H. Yan , W. Wan

Coherent thermal emission for a given polarization has been observed in many metamaterials with micro/nanostructures. A complete description of the thermal emission requires the full characterization of the spectral angular emissivity for…

光学 · 物理学 2022-12-21 Chiyu Yang , Wenshan Cai , Zhuomin M. Zhang

Recent advancements in nonreciprocal thermal emitters challenge the conventional Kirchhoff's law, which states that emissivity and absorptivity should be equal for a given direction, frequency, and polarization. These emitters can break…

光学 · 物理学 2024-01-30 Sina Jafari Ghalekohneh , Changkang Du , Bo Zhao

Second harmonic generation is a powerful tool directly connected to the symmetry of materials. Phase transitions, lattice rotations or electromagnetic coupling in multiferroic compounds can be revealed by using second harmonic…

光学 · 物理学 2010-01-11 Pablo Molina , Mariola O Ramirez , Basilio J. Garcia , Luisa E. Bausa

Magneto-optic photonic systems can violate Kirchhoff's law of thermal emission by breaking Lorentz reciprocity. We develop a dispersive perturbation theory yielding an analytical expression for magneto-optical resonance frequency shifts in…

光学 · 物理学 2026-03-26 Daniel Cui , Aaswath P. Raman

Radiative cooling has showcased great potential for passive refrigeration without extra energy consumption, while its cooling power and efficiency is confined by Kirchhoff's law, that is, the emissivity is equal to the absorptivity. The…

光学 · 物理学 2024-12-31 Zihe Chen , Shilv Yu , Jinlong Ma , Bin Xie , Sun-Kyung Kim , Run Hu

A chiral absorber of light can emit spin-polarized (circularly polarized) thermal radiation based on Kirchhoff's law which equates spin-resolved emissivity with spin-resolved absorptivity for reciprocal media at thermal equilibrium. No such…

光学 · 物理学 2020-12-30 Chinmay Khandekar , Farhad Khosravi , Zhou Li , Zubin Jacob

We propose and theoretically demonstrate nonreciprocal negative refraction enabled by time-varying photonic structures. By engineering temporal modulations at the interfaces of hyperbolic media, we achieve isolation between forward and…

光学 · 物理学 2025-11-27 Mohammad R. Tavakol , Wenshan Cai

We report the design of nonreciprocal resonant transmission/reflection using a one-dimensional photonic crystal (1DPC) adjacent to the magneto-optical (MO) metal film. The nonreciprocal surface modes are found at the interface between the…

光学 · 物理学 2017-07-26 Cheng He , Chang-Sheng Yuan , Ming-Hui Lu , Yan-Feng Chen , Cheng Sun
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