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Offline reinforcement learning (RL) looks at learning how to optimally solve tasks using a fixed dataset of interactions from the environment. Many off-policy algorithms developed for online learning struggle in the offline setting as they…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-03-18 Natinael Solomon Neggatu , Jeremie Houssineau , Giovanni Montana

A key problem in off-policy Reinforcement Learning (RL) is the mismatch, or distribution shift, between the dataset and the distribution over states and actions visited by the learned policy. This problem is exacerbated in the fully offline…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-11-28 Melrose Roderick , Gaurav Manek , Felix Berkenkamp , J. Zico Kolter

Off-policy evaluation (OPE) is important for closing the gap between offline training and evaluation of reinforcement learning (RL), by estimating performance and/or rank of target (evaluation) policies using offline trajectories only. It…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-10-17 Qitong Gao , Ge Gao , Juncheng Dong , Vahid Tarokh , Min Chi , Miroslav Pajic

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) have received rising interest due to its appealing data efficiency. The present study addresses behavior estimation, a task that lays the foundation of many offline RL algorithms. Behavior estimation aims…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-05-29 Guoxi Zhang , Hisashi Kashima

Value function estimation is an indispensable subroutine in reinforcement learning, which becomes more challenging in the offline setting. In this paper, we propose Hybrid Value Estimation (HVE) to reduce value estimation error, which…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-06-07 Xue-Kun Jin , Xu-Hui Liu , Shengyi Jiang , Yang Yu

In applications of offline reinforcement learning to observational data, such as in healthcare or education, a general concern is that observed actions might be affected by unobserved factors, inducing confounding and biasing estimates…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-03-24 Andrew Bennett , Nathan Kallus

Off-policy evaluation (OPE) is the problem of estimating the value of a target policy using historical data collected under a different logging policy. OPE methods typically assume overlap between the target and logging policy, enabling…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2024-03-12 Samir Khan , Martin Saveski , Johan Ugander

Reinforcement learning (RL) can be used to learn treatment policies and aid decision making in healthcare. However, given the need for generalization over complex state/action spaces, the incorporation of function approximators (e.g., deep…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-07-26 Shengpu Tang , Jenna Wiens

We revisit the problem of offline reinforcement learning with value function realizability but without Bellman completeness. Previous work by Xie and Jiang (2021) and Foster et al. (2022) left open the question whether a bounded…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-03-27 Zeyu Jia , Alexander Rakhlin , Ayush Sekhari , Chen-Yu Wei

Reliable long-horizon value prediction is difficult in offline reinforcement learning because fitted value methods combine bootstrapping, function approximation, and distribution shift, while standard guarantees often require Bellman…

机器学习 · 统计学 2026-05-11 Lars van der Laan , Nathan Kallus

Off-policy evaluation (OPE) in reinforcement learning allows one to evaluate novel decision policies without needing to conduct exploration, which is often costly or otherwise infeasible. We consider for the first time the semiparametric…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-06-08 Nathan Kallus , Masatoshi Uehara

Off-policy evaluation (OPE) is a critical challenge in robust decision-making that seeks to assess the performance of a new policy using data collected under a different policy. However, the existing OPE methodologies suffer from several…

机器学习 · 统计学 2025-02-11 Muhammad Faaiz Taufiq

Many reinforcement learning algorithms, particularly those that rely on return estimates for policy improvement, can suffer from poor sample efficiency and training instability due to high-variance return estimates. In this paper we…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-06 Alexander W. Goodall , Edwin Hamel-De le Court , Francesco Belardinelli

We study reinforcement learning in infinite-horizon discounted Markov decision processes with continuous state spaces, where data are generated online from a single trajectory under a Markovian behavior policy. To avoid maintaining an…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-05 Shengbo Wang

Policy evaluation is a fundamental component of the development and deployment pipeline for robotic policies. In modern manipulation systems, this problem is particularly challenging: rewards are often sparse, task progression of evaluation…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2026-05-13 Hao Wang , Joshua Bowden , Colton Crosby , Somil Bansal

We study the problem of off-policy value evaluation in reinforcement learning (RL), where one aims to estimate the value of a new policy based on data collected by a different policy. This problem is often a critical step when applying RL…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2016-05-27 Nan Jiang , Lihong Li

We study the problem of off-policy evaluation (OPE) in reinforcement learning (RL), where the goal is to estimate the performance of a policy from the data generated by another policy(ies). In particular, we focus on the doubly robust (DR)…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2018-05-25 Mehrdad Farajtabar , Yinlam Chow , Mohammad Ghavamzadeh

Off-policy evaluation (OPE) methods aim to estimate the value of a new reinforcement learning (RL) policy prior to deployment. Recent advances have shown that leveraging auxiliary datasets, such as those synthesized by generative models,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-29 Aishwarya Mandyam , Jason Meng , Ge Gao , Jiankai Sun , Mac Schwager , Barbara E. Engelhardt , Emma Brunskill

This paper studies off-policy evaluation (OPE) in the presence of unmeasured confounders. Inspired by the two-way fixed effects regression model widely used in the panel data literature, we propose a two-way unmeasured confounding…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-12-10 Shuguang Yu , Shuxing Fang , Ruixin Peng , Zhengling Qi , Fan Zhou , Chengchun Shi

Offline reinforcement learning restricts the learning process to rely only on logged-data without access to an environment. While this enables real-world applications, it also poses unique challenges. One important challenge is dealing with…